AN EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTS OF PUNISHMENT AND REWARD ON LEARNING
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
THE STUDY’S BACKGROUND
Punishment and reward are regarded as essential methods for a primary school teacher to maintain class discipline. Many educators and psychologists have expressed varying opinions on the effective use of punishment and rewards in primary schools. Throughout the course of this study, the writer will bring together opposing viewpoints and feelings of others so that the reader has a solid foundation on which to base his conclusion after reading the research work.
Punishment and reward are two of the most contentious issues in school administration today, especially when it comes to the learning process. It is also an area of interest for many parents and teachers who believe that the educational authority should define its boundaries so that it does not overstep its bounds.
A clear and acceptable solution to the intriguing issue of punishment and reward must be sought because the outcome will provide practical advice and guidance to those who are just starting out in the teaching profession or to parents who are concerned about their children’s success in life.
This work does not claim to solve all of the problems associated with punishment and reward in the school system, but rather to highlight some potential solutions that will be of great educational value to both teachers and parents, as well as the general public.
PROBLEM STATEMENT
The purpose of this research is to investigate the effects of reward and punishment on academic performance of students in some selected primary schools in Oredo Local Government Area, Edo State. Many educators and psychologists have written books on the subject. Farrant (2004) emphasized that if reward and punishment are used incorrectly, it can cause students to misbehave, resulting in a class of “undisciplined” children.
Lateness, stealing, destruction of school or home property, disobedience, throwing stones, and other acts of rebellion can all have a negative impact on learning. The study attempts to examine the views of some of these writers in addition to their research findings and personal experience in order to identify the following major problems.
– Determine whether it is true that primary school students can learn effectively with the use of rewards.
– Whether it is possible to combine the use of reward and punishment in order to achieve a great deal in terms of educational objectives.
– Whether or not punishment has an effect on the learning process of primary school students.
– Determine whether effective learning can always occur in the absence of any form of punishment.
– Whether there are other methods of learning reward and punishment that will not be used.
STUDY PURPOSE
The writer’s goal and objectives in carrying out this research work are simple given adequate information in primary schools, and the roles of reward and punishment in primary school learning in Edo State’s Oredo Local Government Area.
THE STUDY’S IMPORTANCE
This research will assist policymakers in emphasizing the effective use of reward and punishment. Those who plan the primary school curriculum will be well-versed in the effects of reward and punishment in our primary schools. It will also benefit teachers, parents, and the Edo State Ministry of Education by providing them with useful information about the roles of reward and punishment in enhancing learning in our society as a whole.
QUESTIONS FOR RESEARCH
The following questions guided this research.
i. Does a reward encourage or motivate learning?
ii. Does punishment have a negative impact on learning?
iii. What impact would reward and punishment have on Nigeria’s educational system?
iv. Do parents and teachers agree with the use of rewards and punishment in the school system?
v. Is punishment a method of correcting students?
THE STUDY’S OBJECTIVE
The primary focus of this study is on reward and punishment in a few selected primary schools in Oredo Local Government Area. It includes four teachers from both junior and senior primary schools, as well as students.
TERMS DEFINITION
Reward: Is a need satisfaction for a long series of responses/an act of appreciation for a job well done.
Punishment: The withdrawal of a pleasurable stimulus as a result of bad behavior. The act of correcting a mistaken “act” or character.
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AN EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTS OF PUNISHMENT AND REWARD ON LEARNING