EFFECTS OF BANDITRY ON FARMING SYSTEM IN NIGERIA
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EFFECTS OF BANDITRY ON FARMING SYSTEM IN NIGERIA
CHAPITRE ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.0 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Any sort of violence that causes insecurity in rural areas where the majority of people are farmers is certain to have an impact on food security and farming practises around the world.
A farming system is an integrated set of activities that farmers carry out on their farms based on their resources and conditions in order to maximise productivity and net farm revenue on a long-term basis. Farming systems are approaches to establishing farm-household systems based on productivity, profitability, stability, and sustainability.
The farming system approach emphasises farm household comprehension, community interlinkages, reviewing limits, and assessing potentials. However, the rise in banditry attacks on farming communities by herdsmen has become a critical economic concern.
Banditry is a term used to describe robbery and violence committed in locations where the rule of law has failed (Collins, 2000). Banditry is the formation of armed bands for the goal of attacking state or societal institutions, businesses, or individuals. Participation in such gangs, as well as attacks perpetrated by them, is considered banditry (Collins, 2000).
In West Africa, the prevalence and severity of banditry has contributed to an increase in regional insecurity, posing a threat to subregional integration (Abdullahi, 2019).
The United Nations stated in September 2020 that attacks by the AlShabaab rebel group will exacerbate food insecurity and impede farming practises in Mozambique until 2021 (Channels, 2020).
The Federal Government of Nigeria has recognised that banditry poses a severe threat to farming communities in the country’s northern regions.In April 2017, the Minister of Agriculture and Rural Development, in collaboration with the Minister of Interior, launched the development of a special unit of AgroRangers Corps to defend farmers and farming interests around the country (The Sun, 2017).
The usage of Agro-Rangers was supposed to prevent attacks on farmlands and enhance farmers’ confidence to work on their farms without fear of being attacked, thereby ensuring the Federal Government’s proclaimed food security plans (NSCDC, 2020).
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Insecurity from both Boko Haram and Fulani herdsmen is the most serious threat to Nigeria’s agriculture economy. The prolonged terrorist and banditry actions of Boko Haram in northeast Nigeria have had a severe impact on agricultural activity and the farming system.
Farming activities are not only impossible to carry out in an insecure environment, but domestic agricultural production is hindered, farming communities are uprooted, and access to regional markets is obstructed (Eigege & Cooke, 2016).
In addition to the Boko Haram group, Fulani herdsmen have become a serious threat to farming villages as a result of their frequent attacks on these communities, which have resulted in fatalities. The Fulani pastoralists’ atrocious banditry attacks on these farming districts have made it difficult for farmers in these regions to go to their farms to cultivate or harvest.
Aside from the physical assault on the farmers, the livestock (cows, cattle, etc.) of this herdsmen aggravates the pain of the hapless farmers. The economic impact of this is reflected in the unabated rise in food commodity prices, scarcity of particular food items, and acute food insecurity as places where food items are planted/produced are no longer producing.
This is because the majority of farmers in agriculturally famous communities in the middle belt, northwest, and northeast have abandoned their farms and migrated to other communities in search of safety, leaving their farms fallow and unharvested crops, which would have a negative impact on the farming system.
Against this backdrop, this study tries to investigate the impact of banditry on Nigeria’s farming sector.
1.3 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
The overall goal of this research is to investigate the impact of banditry on Nigeria’s farming system. It will, in particular,
Investigate the various types of banditry attacks on farming communities.
Determine the extent to which banditry affects Nigeria’s farming sector.
Examine the impact of banditry attacks on farming practises.
Determine whether the damaged farming system can cause food scarcity and price increases.
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This research will add to the general body of knowledge. Most significantly, it will bring the government’s attention to the critical need to place security agents around vulnerable farming villages. It will reveal to the Ministry of Agriculture the consequences of these attacks on food security, as well as the necessity to plan for the worst-case scenario if nothing is done.
This study will also educate those from the country’s regions (particularly the southeast, south-south, and western states) who are interested in farming on the importance of getting started right away rather than relying entirely on the Middle Belt, North-East, and Northwest, which are under attack, allowing the country to avoid food shortages.
Finally, this study will serve as a resource for other researchers and provide a foundation for future research.
1.5 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
This research will look into the impact of banditry on Nigeria’s farming sector.It will investigate the many types of banditry attacks on farming communities.
It will determine the extent to which banditry affects Nigeria’s farming sector. It will look into the impact of banditry on farming practises and see if the altered farming system can lead to scarcity and increase. The focus of this study, however, is limited to Konshisha Local Government in Benue State.
1.6 RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS
H01: Banditry has no significant impact on the farming system.
H02: Banditry has no discernible impact on food prices or food insecurity.
1.7 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY
A few variables contributed to the study’s limitations. These are the financial and time constraints.
Financial constraint- A lack of funds tends to restrict the researcher’s efficiency in locating relevant materials, literature, or information, as well as in the data collection procedure (internet, questionnaire, and interview).
Time constraint- The researcher will conduct this investigation alongside other academic activities. As a result, the amount of time spent on research will be reduced.
1.8 DEFINITION OF TERMS
Farming is the practise of growing crops or raising animals for food and raw resources.
Famine: A famine is characterised by widespread food scarcity caused by a variety of circumstances such as conflict, inflation, crop failure, population imbalance, or government policies.
Food insecurity is quantified at the household level and refers to the unpredictable, insufficient, or undesirable availability, access, or utilisation of food.
Farming System: A farming system is an integrated collection of activities that farmers conduct at their farms in order to maximise productivity and net farm income on a sustainable basis, given their resources and circumstances.
Banditry is a sort of organised crime perpetrated by outlaws that generally involves the threat or use of violence. A bandit is someone who engages in banditry and primarily conducts crimes such as extortion, robbery, and murder, either as an individual or in gangs.
Herdsmen: Herdsmen, also known as Fulani pastoralists, are nomadic or semi-nomadic people. Fulani are cattle farmers as their principal employment.A crisis is any occurrence or period that will or may lead to an unstable and dangerous situation affecting an individual, a group, or society as a whole.
Crises are negative changes in human or environmental situations that occur suddenly and with little or no warning.
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