INVESTIGATION INTO MARKETING IMPLICATION OF STREET TRADING IN URBAN CENTERS
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INVESTIGATION INTO MARKETING IMPLICATION OF STREET TRADING IN URBAN CENTERS
Chapter one
1.1 Introduction
The urban population growth is a persistent issue in practically every modern developing country. It is ascribed to population growth trends and the nature of urban employment. It is clear that the annual rate of urban population increase in emerging countries, including Nigeria, is quite high.
Anderson (2002) highlighted that underdeveloped countries now confront more urbanisation challenges than industrialised countries. According to Sarr (2000) and the United Nations report (1999), there are three times as many youth migrants in Africa as migrants.
According to the survey, the youth urbanisation rate was 32% in 1990 and will be less than 25% by 2015. By 2015, more than 80% of African adolescents will live in urban regions with restricted job prospects in modern sectors and establishments.
Nelson (1970) observed that the annual rate of urban population growth for Nigerian cities was 13.5%; there is every reason to assume a fivefold increase since then.
Umuahia metropolis is a rapidly expanding city in terms of population growth. Its population rose from less than 20,000 in 1991 to an estimated more than a million now. (Echebiri 2005) with numerous youth, a share of the population of Umuahia metropolis was contributed by rural-urban migration, and the majority of them came to urban town to work.
According to Lawal (1994), urban employment is mostly for young people who have gotten sufficient education and practical training to provide them with marketable skills.
Furthermore, he stated that “these groups do not want to be tanners, but rather to join their relations in urban towns, searching for white collar jobs and enjoying the amenities of urban life,” and that the unemployment crisis in Umuahia has grown in alarming proportions due in part to the age makeup of the unemployed.
The unemployed are primarily students who visit workplaces, industries, and government offices in search of jobs that do not exist.
According to Onah (2001), “in Nigeria, since the early 1980s, unemployment has reached worrisome and disturbing dimensions, with millions of able-bodied individuals seeking jobs.
Urban youth unemployment is a significant component of widespread unemployment, which is a big problem in Nigeria. With the diminishing demand for labour, there is a significant percentage of urban youth unemployment (okojie 2003).
According to Onah (2001), urban youth unemployment represents a conglomerate of youths from various backgrounds who are willing and able to work in urban areas,
resulting in labour supply pressures exceeding demand, causing joblessness and forcing young defined people to engage in casual work and other undisclosed livelihood sources.
As a result of these factors, among other things, people who are unemployed prefer to engage in street trade. One may wonder when and where street trade began in Abia state. What is the origin of street trade in Abia State? Street commerce originated in Abia and other Nigerian states prior to independence.
Tentatively, street trade must have taken up when mankind overcame the difficulty of self-sufficiency and needed to dispose of their excess produce. Even in the clearly subsistence society,
it was typical for individuals who had managed to produce more than enough for subsistence to display the excess product in front of their compound for passers-by in settlement who appeared to be distant from the central service centre.
In the early days, most street sellers hawked their goods by carrying them on their heads, moving from house to house, street to street, and occasionally village to village, making public announcements and singing trade slogans.
However, modern modes of transportation have mostly replaced such movements. As a result, client accessibility provided the business drive, but many street sellers have recently discovered that the roadside is a suitable spot to take in and out due to transport facilities.
Street commerce has become obsolete in certain countries, although it is widespread in developing nations such as ours. This is because it is a formal system or otherwise of consciously co-coordinating operations involving at least one person.
It is further differentiated from other human relationships by claiming that the term “trading” refers to a situation where the goal is commercial.
Trade, on the other hand, requires at least two people to have something of worth and be willing to exchange it. In modern cultures, producers offer to sell various goods and services in exchange for money.
Kotler (1980) identified five conditions that must be met before exchange can occur, which are
i. There should be at least two parties.
ii. Each side must have something that the other party may find valuable.
iii. Each side must be able to communicate and deliver.
iv. Each party has the right to accept or reject any offer made by the other party.
v. Each party believes it is appropriate to deal with the party or parties in this manner. So, the taking place of exchange is highly dependent on economic activities and may be classified into five types, two of which are identical.
a. A cluster class that includes the central business distributors, the peripheral business centres, and the isolated retail cluster.
b. A string street class that includes the primary business of fare and neighbourhood street trading and has three distinguishing features.
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