DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF FOUR-WAY TRAFFIC LIGHT
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DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF FOUR-WAY TRAFFIC LIGHT
Chapter One: Introduction.
1.0 Background:
The project “microcontroller-based intelligent traffic light system with automatic street light and warning light” was created to address the country’s traffic difficulties and construct an automated traffic control and monitoring system that is nearly perfect.
Every final-year Computer Engineering student must complete a project related to this course of study during the second semester of their final year.
I’ve always been attracted by the concept of microcontroller-based projects, and the requirement for project work as part of the awarding of a bachelor’s degree in computer engineering provided me with an excellent opportunity to work in this area of interest.
1.1 Objectives of the Project
The project intelligent traffic light with autonomous street light and warning light is a complicated microcontroller-based project that was created to control traffic on a four-way road network.
The technology includes sensors that automatically recognise traffic lanes and traffic-free lanes. The controlling system makes a decision based on these sensor inputs.
Nonetheless, the system includes an automatic street light controller, which turns on the lights when it is dark and turns them off when it is bright. Furthermore, the warning light blinks before changing states (for example, from halt to ready or go).
In this design, we have emphasised the utilisation of both hardware and software to complete the full project. The AT89S51 micro controller chip coordinates all hardware components, and the programming language is used to programme the chip.
1.2 The Justification for the Project
This project addresses a long-standing traffic control issue. The system watches the lanes to determine which lanes have traffic and which are traffic-free, and then makes choices.
The lanes without traffic will not be awarded any passing rights until the sensor detects a backlog on them. When properly designed, this technology will function with dexterity comparable to or greater than that of a human warden.
The system also includes an automatic dark actuated switch that monitors light levels to determine when to turn on and off street lights.
1.3 Scope of the Project
The system contains multiple subsections that operate together in a complicated manner to monitor traffic levels on four lanes in order to handle such traffic with dexterity and absolute precision.
A microcontroller serves as the central hub for these subsystems. The microcontroller utilised is the AT89S51, an upgraded version of the 8051.
1.4 Constraints
The main issue was finding coloured bulbs that matched the model. The standard light emitting diodes are too small for the design, and the coloured A.C bulbs are far too large for such a design
so I had to align six 10mm light emitting diodes to serve as a display for each of the twelve displays. Because each set of LEDs was dim, I had to use an NPN transistor to switch them rather than switching them directly from the microcontroller.
Furthermore, programming the microcontroller was a significant constraint. The buffer (74LS154) could only sources in Lagos, let alone the street required in developing my grasp of the C programming language.
1.6 Project Report Organisation
The project report is nicely organised and covers a wide range of topics. It encompasses all of the actions encountered during the research process.
The first chapter is an introductory chapter that discusses the project’s background, objectives, justification, scope, restrictions, and a block diagram overview of the stages.
The second chapter includes the literature reviews.
The third chapter provides a detailed study and design of the system.
Chapter four describes the system implementation, which includes the component arrangement, wire schedule, wiring design, and complete schematic diagram.
Chapter 5 discusses the testing and integration of the project design.
Chapter six is the summary and conclusion, which offers a summary of accomplishments, challenges found throughout project design, and recommendations and suggestions for future improvements.
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