DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A 1KVA AUTOMATIC VOLTAGE REGULATOR USING SOLID STATE DEVICES.
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DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A 1KVA AUTOMATIC VOLTAGE REGULATOR USING SOLID STATE DEVICES.
Chapter One: Introduction
1.1 Background of the Work
In today’s world, for example, in Nigeria, the electricity power delivered to consumers at their homes or businesses is not maintained at the agreed-upon voltage of roughly 220volts due to voltage fluctuations in the power system supply.
This voltage fluctuation results from abrupt variations in the actual and reactive power drawn by loads. The fluctuating current drawn from the source creates further voltage drops in the power system, resulting in fluctuations in the supply voltage [1].
Nonetheless, it is important to maintain a constant voltage level in order to protect and extend the life of the various delicate electrical and electronic gadgets used in our homes and offices from the effects of overvoltage and undervoltage caused by faults in the power system, which can be accomplished by using an automatic voltage regulator [1].
According to [2], an automatic voltage regulator is an electrical device that detects and corrects abnormal voltage levels in order to generate a steady output at the port to which the load is connected.
However, this project was developed and built utilising the double conversion electronic voltage regulator (EVR) method, which involves using a rectifier to convert AC power to DC power and then using an inverter to convert the DC power back to AC.
Voltage control is performed by providing a consistent DC voltage to the inverter and regulating the voltage level during the inverter’s conversion back to AC.
The time delay available here is an inexpensive and dependable circuit for safeguarding equipment like freezers, refrigerators, and air conditioners from damage. When the power is turned on, it connects to the appliance after a set amount of time.
On the other hand, this AVR includes an undelay feature for usage with home appliances such as televisions, stereos, CD/DVD players, modems, and telephones.
This AVR was designed and built to deliver a consistent voltage supply (220v) to our electrical and electronic devices, regardless of power fluctuations in the power system.
1.2 Aim of the Work
The goal of this project is to design and build a device that will help to protect and extend the life of various delicate electrical and electronic devices used in our homes and offices from the effects of overvoltage and undervoltage caused by faults in the power system.
1.3 OBJECTIVES OF WORK
This AVR is designed as a transformerless AVR to provide a stable and consistent current. The device is intended to accomplish the following functions:
To safeguard electrical and electronic devices against the effects of overvoltage and undervoltage, hence increasing their lifespan.
To create an AVR that is less expensive, smaller in size, and does not incur mechanical breakdown.
To ensure a steady power supply of 220V at 50Hz.
To create an AVR that can be readily transported from one location to another due to the lack of a transformer.
1.4 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM.
The problem to be solved in this work is to reduce voltage variations to the required output of 220 volts, which will ensure the consistent performance of electrical devices that comprise electrical and electronic components that are susceptible to overvoltages and undervoltages. Examples include flat-screen televisions, audio/video equipment, computers, refrigerators/freezers, and so on.
1. 5 Motivation
To handle power quality issues that arise in our homes, offices, and industries as a result of undervoltage and overvoltage using AVR, hence eliminating their detrimental impact on domestic appliances and industrial efficiency.
1.6 Significance of the Work
Most electrical or electronic equipment is designed and built to operate at a safe limit of 220 volts, but in Nigeria and other small countries, power supply authorities frequently struggle to achieve or maintain this voltage range due to the changing nature of society, as well as a lack of room for development in our power stations.In most areas, due to overloading, voltage supply falls below 220v, for example 100 volts, and sometimes due to a fault
voltage rises to about 315volts for only one phase, which is a significant deviation from the normal supply voltage and poses a significant risk to the life span of our electrical devices such as refrigerators, PCs, freezers, air conditioners, television sets, etc.
Excessive high/low voltage supply to our appliances causes excessive current, which leads to overheating, insulation failure, or even burnout of the electronic components in electrical devices.
It will be of interest to us to know that most semiconductor devices in electrical equipment have very low voltage tolerance and are easily damaged. So, it is necessary to protect these electrical gadgets from the effect of over- or under-voltage.
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