Prevalence Of Cerebrospinal Meningitis
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Prevalence Of Cerebrospinal Meningitis
Chapter one
INTRODUCTION
Background to the Study
Cerebrospinal Meningitis (CSM) is a serious public health concern in many regions of the world. Cerebrospinal Meningitis is one of the first categories of Epidemic Prone Diseases in Gombe State, as well as the first category on the revised list of Nigeria’s Integrated Disease Surveillance Response (IDSR) priority diseases, conditions, and events.
Cerebro-spinal Meningitis (CSM) is a disease of public health relevance because to the synergy of cases and the high case fatality rate. The biggest CSM epidemic in Nigeria occurred in 1996, with approximately 109,580 cases and 11,717 deaths, followed by one in 2003, with 4,130 cases and 401 deaths, and another in 2008, with 9,086 cases and 562 deaths (WHO, 2010).
The ongoing Cerebro-Spinal Meningitis (CSM) outbreak in Nigeria continues to be a public health concern. According to the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control (NCDC), CSM cases were initially reported in Zamfara State in 2016 and have subsequently expanded to sixteen (16) states, including the Federal Capital Territory.
So far, 90 Local Government Areas (LGAs) in 16 (16) states across the federation have been affected, including Zamfara, Kastina, Sokoto, Kebbi, Niger, Nassarawo, Jigawa, FCT, Gombe, Taraba, Yobe, Kano, Osun, Cross Rivers, Lagos, and Plateau. As of Friday, March 31, 2017, there were 2524 persons afflicted across these states, with 328 deaths.
These signs reveal that Nigeria is repeatedly experiencing an epidemic of Cerebrospinal Meningitis (CSM), which has expanded throughout the country and is mostly affecting states in the country’s upper regions, which are part of the African Meningitis Belt.
Other countries now experiencing similar outbreaks include our West African neighbours Niger, Chad, Cameroon, Togo, and Burkina Faso (WHO, 2010).
Lapey (2010) produced the definitive report on CSM in West Africa during the first half of the twentieth century after conducting an exhaustive survey of public and unpublished records and making personal visits to hospitals and Ministries of Health across the continent. He detailed the epidemiological aspects of CSM in Africa and emphasised that the illness only behaves in a limited area of Africa.
This led him to identify the “African meningitis belt,” which is limited by the Sahara to the north and tropical rain forests to the south. Various mining activities contribute to the spread of diseases.
Surface mining activities in and surrounding textile districts pollute the air with a high concentration of dust, resulting in upper respiratory tract diseases. Second, dumping mining waste in waterways, such as cyanide, puts the residents at risk of meningitis (Lapey, 2010).
Statement of the Problem
Meningitis infects the thin membrane that surrounds the brain and spinal cord. Cerebro-Spinal Meningitis infection is transferred mostly by contact with an infected person, typically through sneezing, coughing, and nose secretions from the infected person, and is more prevalent in overcrowded places.
Nigeria is experiencing an outbreak of Cerebrospinal Meningitis (CSM) in the upper parts of the country, particularly in Gombe State, which is part of the African Meningitis Belt (see map and graphic illustration in appendix).
Meningococcal meningitis is still associated with a high death rate and lasting neurological abnormalities, particularly in newborns and young children. To prevent infection, avoid congested areas, sleep in well-ventilated rooms, and avoid close and prolonged contact with infected people.
As a result, the study aims to assess the prevalence of cerebrospinal meningitis infections, which occur on an annual basis in Gombe Local Government Area, Gombe State.
The purpose of the study
The goal of this study is to determine the prevalence of cerebrospinal meningitis in Gombe Local Government Area, Gombe State. Specifically, it aims to:
(i) Investigate the epidemiology of cerebrospinal meningitis in Gombe Local.
Government area.
(ii) Identify the elements that contribute to Cerebrospinal Meningitis.
Gombe Local Government Area in Gombe State.
(iii) Determine the solutions that could be taken to address the prevalence.
Cerebrospinal Meningitis in Gombe Local Government Area, Gombe State.
Significance of the Study
This study intends to identify predisposing variables, epidemiological strength, and recommend the best intervention and preventative techniques to reduce the prevalence of cerebrospinal meningitis infections in Gombe Local Government Area, Gombe State.
Furthermore, the study’s findings and appropriate recommendations, if implemented, will greatly assist health institutions, concerned authorities, and/or the country at large in reducing morbidity and mortality through new intervention programs, updating treatment protocols for proper management, follow-up, and care of all patients with Cerebrospinal Meningitis cases and associated complications.
It should be utilised to develop policy and raise public awareness about cerebrospinal meningitis in the research area. The study’s findings could also assist to improve people’s well-being, as people who have recovered from illness are now able to make a living and improve their situation.
Research Questions
(i) What is the epidemiology of cerebrospinal meningitis in Gombe Local?
Government Area?
(ii) What are the factors that predispose to cerebrospinal meningitis?
Gombe Local Government Area in Gombe State?
(iii) What strategies could be used to alleviate the problem of cerebrospinal
Meningitis in the Gombe Local Government Area, Gombe State?
Scope of the Study
This study focusses on the prevalence of cerebrospinal meningitis in Gombe Local Government Area, Gombe State. It would focus on the causes and effects of Cerebrospinal Meningitis, and it is envisaged that preventive strategies to combat Cerebrospinal Meningitis would have been discovered throughout the course of this research.
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