Prevalence Of Unresolved Grief Among Bereaved Parents Implications For Counselling
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Prevalence Of Unresolved Grief Among Bereaved Parents Implications For Counselling
ABSTRACT
The loss of a newborn through stillbirth, miscarriage, or neonatal death is considered a devastating life event. Lack of social support, pre-existing relationship troubles, or the absence of surviving children are also predictors of complicated grieving after prenatal loss, as are ambiguous views or heightened perceptions of the pregnancy’s actuality.
The risk of complicated grieving was shown to be particularly high following the loss of a pregnancy due to foetal abnormalities. According to studies, men and women have different bereavement processes, which might exacerbate the downfall of a relationship.
Although it is obvious that prenatal loss has a significant psychological impact, the conclusion is that there is a significant shortage of randomised controlled studies in this field of research.
The death of a child is recognised as a particularly terrible life experience, which can frequently result in complicated grieving (CG) reactions that can have a detrimental impact on psychological and physical well-being. In a population-based sample, widowed people who had lost a child had the greatest rate of CG.
Perinatal loss is a reasonably common occurrence in which a newborn dies as a result of miscarriage, stillbirth, or neonatal mortality. In 2007, the infant mortality rate in the United States was 6.9 deaths per 1,000 live births. The most common type of pregnancy loss is miscarriage, which is defined as an unexpected termination of a pregnancy before 20 weeks of gestation.
The general prevalence ranges from 15% to 27% in women aged 25 to 29, rising to 75% in women over 45, with an increased risk for women who have lost a previous pregnancy. A stillbirth occurs when a foetus dies after 20 weeks of gestation and weighs more than 500 g at birth.
In some situations, the foetus has died before or during delivery, usually unexpectedly or after a normal pregnancy. A relatively new concern in the field of perinatal loss is that the ongoing improvement of prenatal diagnostics has enhanced the detection of foetal anomalies, resulting in relatively high termination rates.
A European investigation reported average termination rates of 88% for Down’s syndrome and neural tube abnormalities.Unresolved grief.
Although parents have not developed a relationship with their infant, grieving following pregnancy loss is not particularly different from other loss scenarios. Grief symptoms often decrease in intensity throughout the first 12 months, as has been observed in bereavements affecting first-degree relatives.
Longitudinal studies have shown that mourning often decreases over a two-year period following pregnancy loss. Perinatal losses have also been linked to significant psychological effects on parents and families, including post-traumatic stress, depression, anxiety, and sleeping difficulties. Overall, higher levels of CG are connected with poorer mental health.Unresolved grief.
This article covers the research on CG reactions to prenatal loss. Typical grief reactions and distinctive elements of bereavement after perinatal loss are discussed, followed by a description of the risk factors that influence grief outcome.
The specific topic of pregnancy termination due to abnormalities is discussed, followed by an examination of the differences between dads and mothers following prenatal loss. Finally, the clinical consequences for parents following pregnancy loss are addressed.
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