Causes And Impact Of Broken Homes On Secondary School Academic Achievement Among Secondary Schools
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Causes And Impact Of Broken Homes On Secondary School Academic Achievement Among Secondary Schools
Chapter one
1.0. Introduction.
Teenage refers to both males and females aged thirteen to nineteen. Under American societal norms, such teenagers are not considered mature. Although medically they resemble adults, they engage in sexual intercourse with individuals of the opposite sex.
This behaviour presents a significant challenge to health professionals, as sex at such a young age exposes them to a variety of hazards, including teenage pregnancy.
This was informed by Awake (1990), when the publisher stated that moral degradation among our youths is reaching frightening proportions in Nigeria today, as crime rates rise by leaps and bounds.
Teenage pregnancy has become a severe public health issue, particularly in underdeveloped nations, and studies have found that it is on the rise. According to research, teenage pregnancy is a health issue in industrialised countries such as the United States.
Corry and Cray (1997) advocated for schools to educate health education as well as recognise current issues such as sexually transmitted infections, which are frequently followed by adolescent pregnancy.
The role of schools and homes in sex education has been a contentious issue. Mooney (1975) and Fakunle (1986) performed study and concluded that teenagers learn about sex from peers and literature, with much of the knowledge gained being inadequate and erroneous. (Oladepo and Akintayo, 1991).
Sex is glamorised in literature, television, and film. This places additional responsibility on young people to maintain a standard of behaviour that will provide them the most enjoyment today and in the future. Adolescent behaviour standards should be established at home. Turner 1979.
Mooney (1975), writing on schools and the roles of both schools and parents, believes that parents’ major job is to set behavioural boundaries for their own children. Fakunle (1986) went on to say that in the early phases of personality development, sexual knowledge and the enjoyment of sexual changes should be encouraged at home.
Marjorie (1979) and Thomas (1979) argue that teenage pregnancy and abortion have social consequences. It is uncommon in some societies to attach a terrible stigma to girls who are pregnant or have probably committed abortions, such girls and their families are usually the talk of the town by the society
the girls are sometimes ridiculed, characterised, and insulted by people around them and comrades at schools, teachers do not look at them with favour, nearly one million of these adolescents age 15-19years become pregnant in the United States yearly, and a20,000 pregnancy occu
According to Barbana (1988), adolescence is an unstable period in which teenagers require structure as well as the opportunity to become more independent. They need the ability to imagine their futures and the skills to set reasonable goals for their personal growth.
Teenage pregnancy is technically defined as when a woman under the age of twenty becomes pregnant; however, in the United States, the term typically refers to girls under the age of 18. Teenage pregnancy and childbearing problems are caused by individual, familiar, and social factors such as culture, religion, cultural value and belief, law, education, economic circumstances, a lack of support structures such as access to health care, contraception, and other resources, and mental and emotional well-being condoms (2002).
Data supporting teen pregnancy as a social issue in industrialised countries include lower educational levels, higher rates of poverty, and other negative ‘life outcomes’ in the offspring of teen mothers.
Teenage pregnancy in industrialised countries is typically done outside of marriage, and as a result, it is frowned upon in many societies and governments. Some teenage pregnancies in affluent countries occur outside of marriage, and as a result, many communities and governments view them negatively.
Some adolescent pregnancy results from young women’s sexual experiences, and an inadequate awareness of their reproductive issues, as well as access to contraception, are required to prevent unintended teenage pregnancies and births.
Not all adolescent pregnancies are unplanned; nonetheless, a survey of 589 pregnant western Australian adolescents (12-17) found that 17% began their pregnancies as planned (Corkindale, 2002).
Adolescents’ access to knowledge and services has been hampered by government restrictions and social hypocrisy around adolescent sexuality and contraception usage.
There is a desire to prevent sexual intercourse among young unmarried adolescents, resulting in moral structural segregation of boys and girls, as well as the threat of punishment if found.
On the other hand, there is a desire to prevent the consequences of intercourse, such as the spread of AIDS, unwanted pregnancies, and emotional trauma, if it does occur. The reward is for providing effective, safe, and adolescent-friendly sexual health information and services. (Corkindale, 2002).
1.2. Statement of the Problem
Teenage pregnancy is increasing at an alarming rate among female students in Nigeria, causing widespread worry among individuals, families, and society. It is also one of the severe societal health issues that is slowly getting traction and spreading throughout the world.
According to studies, teenagers are likely to contribute to this health condition. As a result, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the reasons and prevalence of adolescent pregnancy among female secondary school students in Ijebu-Ode.
This will significantly contribute to exposing these students to information that will allow them to make educated decisions regarding their social health.
1.3. RESEARCH QUESTIONS
This study will seek to answer the following questions.
1. Will a lack of health counselling contribute to the high rate of teenage pregnancy among female secondary school students in Ijebu ode?
2. Will a lack of mass media contribute to the high rate of teenage pregnancy among female secondary school students in Ijebu Ode?
3. Will parental attitudes influence the rate of teenage pregnancy among female secondary school students in Ijebu-Ode?
4. Will a broken household or divorce be the cause of the high rate of teenage pregnancy among female secondary school students in Ijebu-Ode?
5. Will a lack of sex education contribute to the high rate of teenage pregnancy among female secondary school students in Ijebu-Ode?
6. Will peer pressure contribute to the high rate of teen pregnancy among female secondary school students in Ijebu-Ode?
1.4. Research Hypothesis
Consequently, the following hypothesis will be tested:
1. Lack of health counselling will not be a significant cause of adolescent pregnancy among female secondary school students in Ijebu-Ode.
2. The media will not be a significant source of teenage pregnancy among female secondary school students in Ijebu-Ode.
3. Parental attitudes will not be a significant source of teenage pregnancy among secondary school female students in Ijebu-Ode.
4. Broken households or divorce will not be a prominent cause of teenage pregnancy among female secondary school students in Ijebu-Ode.
1.5. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY.
This study will help parents educate their children about sexual health and reproductive issues. Furthermore, the health counsellor can gather enough factual information to establish relevant information with young clients and the community in order to minimise teenage pregnancies in secondary schools.
The work could act as a springboard for future similar research initiatives.
1.6. DELIMITATION OF THE STUDY
This research will primarily focus on five (5) secondary schools in Ijebu-ode, Ogun State. Secondary schools include the following:
· Adeola Odutola Secondary School.
Anglican Girls Grammar School, Ijebu-Ode.
· Our Lady of Apostles Secondary School.
· Muslim College Ijebu-Ode.
· Tai Solarin Staff School in Ijebu-Ode.
1.7. Limitations of the Study
The following restrictions may be encountered during the study:
1. Failed to return all completed questionnaires.
2. Irregular questionnaire completion may result in rejection.
All of these restrictions will be addressed by ensuring that a sufficient number of surveys are available for analysis.
1.8. Definition of Terms
1 Adolescence: – This is a time of life that begins with the introduction of secondary sex characteristics and ends with the cessation of somatic growth, ranging from 11 to 19 years of age.
2 Teenager: aged 13 to 19 years.
3 Puberty: – The age at which secondary sex characteristics, such as breasts and pubic hair, develop.
4 Teenage pregnancy: – when a teen becomes pregnant.
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