Psycho-Sociological Determinants Of Knowledge And Awareness Of Child Abuse And Neglect Among Rural Parents
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Psycho-Sociological Determinants Of Knowledge And Awareness Of Child Abuse And Neglect Among Rural Parents
Chapter one
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background for the Study
The problem researchers face in selecting an acceptable perspective from which to investigate the parenting of abused and neglected children arises in part from our current lack of understanding of the dynamics of parental functioning.
The human potential realised in the parental role is sometimes simplified to the single assumption that the ability to love gives the motivation, resilience, and knowledge required to raise a kid.
However, loving parents might understand and treat their children in vastly different ways. According to family violence research, the emotional investments of parenthood are still extremely vulnerable to the strains and expectations of child rearing.
The existing literature clearly demonstrates a need for a more in-depth examination of individual capacities formed during childhood, adolescence, and adulthood, which may have a significant impact on parental ability to adjust to these demands.
This study will present studies on parental conceptions of children and the parent-child connection, which is a component of social-cognitive functioning known as parental awareness.This realm of parent-as-self, child-as-other knowledge will be evaluated structurally and developmentally.
In 1989, the United Nations General Assembly enacted the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child. The convention recognises children’s rights to growth, protection, participation, and nondiscrimination. It also recognises that realising these rights for children requires adult care and help.
Nigeria adopted the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child in 1991. This suggests that the country had now committed to a set of legally obligatory commitments to its children. Among these obligations are promoting awareness and involving civil society, including children, in the implementation of children’s rights.
Following the submission of her initial progress report, the Committee on Children’s Rights advised that the government domesticate the Convention to enable its implementation under Nigerian law (UNICEF, 2007; Jacomy and Stevens, 2005). The Nigerian Federal Government passed the Child Rights Act (CRA) in December 2003.
This legislation was enacted to carry out principles established in international documents, such as the 1989 Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) and the 1990 African Union Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child (CRCW), which Nigeria ratified in 1991 and 2000, respectively.
Because the Nigerian Constitution requires that legislative competence over topics affecting children be limited to states, the federal law was insufficient to provide protection to all Nigerian children and so required to be adopted by the states. Today, several states in Nigeria have approved the Child’s Rights Act, however some have yet to do so.
Olumodeji (2008) believes that child welfare should be a top priority in every community. This is because, according to him, the complete import of the child’s needs is based on a holistic treatment modality that affects education, nutrition, housing, health, and society’s overall well-being.
In providing these basic necessities, communities frequently see children’s demands as secondary. However, this should not be the case because children are the future of any community.
Akwara et al. (2010) argue that children’s rights are taken for granted in Nigeria. In their study, they looked at the hazards of taking children’s rights for granted in society, as well as initiatives in Nigeria to protect children for the general and long-term development of society. Based on their findings, they determined that little is being done, despite the fact that children are the future of any nation.
According to Njoku and Oladiji (2009), the issues that children face in the twenty-first century are significant and must be addressed if the Child’s Rights Act is to be realised. Scholars have presented several arguments as to why children’s rights are not being respected.
According to a study conducted by Lachman et al. (2002), poverty is one of the issues facing child safety in Africa. In other words, protecting children’s rights will be difficult if poverty exists since a poor person will use whatever resources he or she has to survive.
Most people have one or more survival tools at their disposal: their child/children. Lachman et al. (2002) concluded that child labour, child prostitution, and other child-related evils cannot be avoided as long as poverty exists.
Sossou and Yogtib (2008) conducted a study on numerous cases of child sexual abuse, child trafficking, child marriage, and neglect of deformed children on the African continent, concluding that poverty and traditional cultural practices are the primary causes of these phenomena.
According to Onyango and Lynch (2006), despite multiple efforts to improve child protection legislation and policy frameworks, the resources required to make a significant difference are insufficient and unpredictable. According to them, the number of reported cases of sexual assault in Kenya has increased, but there are no funding to pursue these cases.
According to them, donor funds made available for child welfare in Kenya in 2005/2006 were predominantly allocated towards the prevention of human trafficking and poverty alleviation.
Indeed, Onyango and Lynch (2006) feel that children’s difficulties are impacted on an annual basis due to the availability of finances, which is also based on the interests of donors.
Despite the fact that 26 states in Nigeria have ratified, approved, or altered the Act, implementation remains a challenge. Scholars say that one of the reasons the Act is difficult to implement is that people are unaware of it or do not understand its basic principles.
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