Modification Of Biomass Steam Turbine Generator
Need help with a related project topic or New topic? Send Us Your Topic
DOWNLOAD THE COMPLETE PROJECT MATERIAL
Modification Of Biomass Steam Turbine Generator
ABSTRACT
The already-fabricated Biomass Steam Turbine was modified to improve on the machine’s several constraints, which include the short duration of the power provided, the long startup time, and the steam turbine’s immobility.
The modification significantly improved these limitations by reducing the machine’s weight, reducing the startup time, generating pressure from steam in a shorter period of time, and determining the power generated by the machine, which was capable of charging a mobile phone and powering an LED lamp for an extended period of time.
Chapter One: Introduction
1.1. Background of the Study
Nigeria’s inadequate electricity output contributes significantly to the country’s poor industrial development, since it has the lowest electrification per capita in Africa.
In Nigeria, energy generation, transmission, and distribution account for less than one percent of GDP but fifty-four percent of utilities (such as power and water delivery) (Adeola, A. F. 2003).
The electrification rate in Nigeria is predicted to be 41% (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE/NE-0088), suggesting that demand outweighs supply. The federal government is very worried about this issue, and it has undertaken multiple determined efforts to enhance electricity output in Nigeria.
If renewable energy is added to Nigeria’s current energy supply, more than 60,000 megawatts (60,000mw) or 60 gigawatts (60GW) of power can be generated without significantly increasing environmental pollution (Olaoye, T., Ajilore, T., Akinluwade, K., Omole, F., and Adetunji, A. 2016).
Biomass for heat and electricity has a significant potential as a source of renewable energy and reductions in greenhouse gas emissions, but it is only being realised slowly today (Wilson J. F 2010).
A global effort to remove impediments is required to boost low-carbon growth. To ensure that such development does not jeopardise the long-term utilisation of natural resources, stronger environmental frameworks and legislative processes are required.
For the past four decades, the Nigerian government and people have been concerned about the country’s energy crisis. While other countries with identical problems have ago overcome the situation, Nigeria remains in complete darkness.
Businesses have fled from the country due to the national power supply’s failure to satisfy their demand, while residences have had to adapt to the epileptic power supply or, in certain circumstances, complete blackout (Mackay D.J 2008).
The few companies operating in Nigeria rely heavily on off-grid supply via diesel/gas/petrol powered electric generators, resulting in high overhead costs and contributing to greenhouse gas pollution, among other environmental issues (Olaoye, T., Ajilore, T., Akinluwade, K., Omole, F., and Adetunji, A. 2016).
Nigeria ranks low in terms of environmental pollution when compared to world leaders such as the United States and the United Kingdom (Emevon, I., Kareem, B., and Adeyeri, M. 2010).
This could be ascribed to the country’s low level of industrialisation as a result of the energy problem being discussed. The dilemma on our thoughts is how to handle Nigeria’s energy crisis while also considering environmental conservation programs.
It is a well-known truth that energy consumption is increasing as the world’s population and electrical equipment and appliances advance. Another factor is the industrial revolution, which brought about the development of complex industrial equipment and instruments. The majority of the energy used by these equipment and devices is non-renewable.
According to research findings, the current use of carbon-based nonrenewable energy is unsustainable (RC, 2004; Akintunde, M. A. 2002; and Adegoke, C. O. and Akintunde, M. A. 2003).
On the other hand, if the use of nonrenewable energy is not restricted, man will face serious consequences such as atmospheric pollution, carbon loading, and climate change.
Biomass, the oldest sustainable energy source, has been used for thousands of years. However, the development of fossil fuels has resulted in a sharp drop in their use.
According to Arvind (2009), biomass accounts for just around 13% of primary energy supply, albeit this varies by area. Developed countries derived approximately 3% of their energy from biomass, whereas Africa’s proportion ranged between 70% and 90%.
A steam boiler is a sealed vessel designed to produce high-pressure steam. The boiler’s principal role in a heating system is to transmit heat generated by combustion to a medium, typically water. Steam is an almost invisible gas produced by heating water in an enclosed chamber at extremely high temperatures and pressures.
A boiler is a closed vessel that heats water until it is transformed to steam at the desired pressure. This can then be utilised to heat a building’s interior spaces and/or service water.
In most commercial building heating applications, the boiler’s heating source is a natural gas-powered burner. Electric resistance heaters and oil-fired burners are other viable options.
Steam is favoured over hot water in certain applications, such as absorption cooling, kitchens, laundries, sterilisers, and steam-powered machinery. Water is an efficient and inexpensive medium for delivering heat to a process.
When water is heated into steam, its volume expands by nearly 1,600 times, providing a force comparable to gunpowder. This makes the boiler a highly dangerous piece of equipment that must be handled with considerable caution. Evaporation is the process of heating a liquid until it turns into a gas.
1.2 Statement of Problem
The steam turbine constructed by some students of the Agricultural and Bioresources Engineering Department, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, was tested, and the following limitations were discovered:
The electricity created does not last more than a minute.
The heat created was soon dissipated through the chimney and beneath the water chamber.
The machine was heavy, and manoeuvrability was problematic due to the clay used for lagging the water chamber.
Based on these restrictions, this effort was undertaken to develop the steam turbine.
1.3 Aim and Objectives
The goal of this project is to adapt an existing steam turbine. The precise aims are:
To extend the life of the electricity produced by the steam turbine.
To increase the mobility of the steam turbine.
To determine the watts produced by the steam turbine.
1.4 Scope and Limitations
This project is limited to improving the longevity of the electricity produced and the mobility of the steam turbine. No environmental or cost analysis will be conducted.
1.5 Justification.
Biomass for heat and electricity has enormous potential as a source of renewable energy and reductions in greenhouse gas emissions, but it is only being realised at a modest pace today. As a result, more research is needed into the enhancement, use, and application of biomass for energy generation.
Need help with a related project topic or New topic? Send Us Your Topic