EFFECT OF AGBARHO SLAUGHTERHOUSE EFFLUENT ON THE AGBARHO RIVER WATER
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EFFECT OF AGBARHO SLAUGHTERHOUSE EFFLUENT ON THE AGBARHO RIVER WATER
Background of the Study
Because water is essential for life, humans have settled near the Nile, Euphrates, Tigris, Indus, and Yangtze-Kiang rivers. People have been looking for solutions to cope with water since ancient times, well before the millennium.
Surface water and ground water are two important water sources that provide easily available water for human consumption. Surface water consists of pounds, streams, rivers, oceans, and lakes.
Pure water is rare in nature due to its ability to dissolve and absorb surrounding elements. Surface water is the most readily available, yet the most polluted due to anthropogenic, but thankfully, controllable, activities (David, 2006).
Surface water contamination in Nigeria is linked to surface runoff, industrial effluent, cold-room effluent, household trash, and abattoir effluents. This study focusses on effluent from abattoir processes.
The slaughterhouse sector is an important component of the livestock industry in Nigeria, supplying domestic meat supply to over 150 million people as well as employment possibilities for the workforce (Nafarnda et al., 2012).
However, the majority of the activities that take place in Nigeria’s abattoirs are never regulated. The majority of Nigeria’s abattoirs are underdeveloped, and facilities for treating slaughterhouse effluents are limited.
Water polluted by abattoir effluents, runoff from feedlots and dairy farms, grazed pastures, fallow and sod altered with chicken litter, dairy manure-treated grassland, and sewage sludge-treated soil all pose potential health problems. Water pollution by abattoir wastes could pose major environmental and public health risks (Nafarnda et al, 2012).
In Southwestern Nigeria, many harmful bacteria species have been discovered in abattoir effluent. These species, among others, include Staphylococcus sp. and Streptococcus sp. in extreme environmental conditions, demonstrating the harmful effects of untreated abattoir effluent on the surrounding environment and human health (Coker et al., 2001).
The primary wastes come from killing, hide removal or de-hairing, paunch handling, rendering, trimming, processing, and cleanup procedures. Blood, grease, inorganic and organic materials, salts, and chemicals added during processing processes are common wastes produced by slaughterhouses (Raheem et al).
On average, the majority of Nigerian abattoirs are located near a stream, natural pond, or river, such as the one at Agbarho, Ugheli North, Delta State.
Environmental issues caused by poor management practices that pollute the aquatic environment with various types of contaminants have increased in geometric proportion over the last four decades, as has the prevalence of waterborne diseases, particularly typhoid, diarrhoea, and dysentery.
Abattoirs are widely known over the world for polluting the environment, either directly or indirectly, through their many procedures. Many abattoirs in Nigeria discharge their effluents directly into streams and rivers without any pre-treatment, and the slaughtered meat is rinsed in the same water (Adelegan, 2002).
Every day, the Agbarho abattoir produces numerous gallons of blood, intestinal contents, and tissues, which are then released into the environment, including the Agbarho River.
During a quick survey around the Agbarho abattoir, no holding tank or waste treatment system/facility was observed, indicating that effluent and other solid wastes generated by the abattoir are being dumped/discharged indiscriminately into the surrounding area. The abattoir was stated to have been in operation for years, implying that the water body had been receiving abattoir effluent for years.
To prevent ambiguity, abattoir and abattoir may be used interchangeably, and wastewater may be used instead of effluent.
1.2. Statement of Problem
Abattoirs are well known around the world for polluting the environment either directly or indirectly through their numerous operations, hence water quality assessment is critical for the Agbarho River in order to determine the extent of impact of the abattoir effluent released to it on a periodic basis. It accepts discharged waste water from the Agbarho abattoir.
Taking into account the implicated bacteria species in abattoir effluent pollution, as well as other processes engaged in meet and hide processing, the investigation will focus on certain physiochemical and biological parameters of river water.
Water-borne infections, including typhoid, diarrhoea, and dysentery, have been linked to contact with dirty water. It is therefore expedient to do such a study on the river for the goal of raising awareness, as the river’s users utilise it for commercial and recreational purposes without fully understanding the dangers it may bring to human health.
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