APPLICATION OF FACILITIES MANAGEMENT PRINCIPLES ON HISTORICAL BUILDINGS
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APPLICATION OF FACILITIES MANAGEMENT PRINCIPLES ON HISTORICAL BUILDINGS
ABSTRACT
The main goal of the application Facilities Management Procedures is to help extend the life of the building. It is stated that the type of upkeep and practises used will aid in the preservation of historical structures. Tafawa Balewa Square is used as a case study to investigate the level of application of Facilities Management Procedures in historical buildings.
The study used a survey design and self-administered questionnaires distributed to 133 case study participants. 88 of these numbers were returned. The collected data was analysed with descriptive and inferential statistical tools.
The study discovered that the maintenance of equipment and systems in accordance with the manufacturer’s specifications is a procedure best carried out by the case study’s Facilities Manager,
while the use of substandard materials and building components does not occur in the case study’s maintenance. During the analysis of Facility Management Performance as applied to the case study, routine inspection was regarded as the highest task carried out by the Facility Manager, whereas replacement of malfunctioning equipment is a work that the Facility Manager of the case study finds difficult to do.
The most difficult difficulty faced by the case study’s Facilities Manager is nonpayment of service charges by the user. It is recommended that significant awareness be created to inform users about why Facilities Management is required in all types of buildings, and that service charges be paid before the services are delivered to allow jobs to be completed when needed and not delayed due to a lack of funds.
CHAPITRE ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
This ongoing research aims to determine the efficacy of employing a multidisciplinary approach, such as Facility Management (FM), to the conservation of Heritage Sites and their contents.
FM has developed rapidly over the world as a developing worldwide business management profession. It has many interconnected specialist areas that set it apart from more solitary, traditional approaches to building care.
The technique can be described in a variety of ways, but the interpretations of two of the field’s top professional associations are very similar. (T J Francis, A J Greens, and J Littlewood, 2010)
The International Facilities Management Association (IFMA) defines FM as “…a profession that encompasses multiple disciplines to ensure the functionality of the built environment by integrating people, places, processes, and technology.”
The British Institute of Facilities Management (BIFM) defines FM as follows:
‘… the incorporation of multidisciplinary activities within the built environment, as well as the management of their influence on people and the workplace.’
Integration, multidisciplinary talents, people, and locations are all obviously present.
For more than five millennia, successive generations have struggled to manage structures and their contents. However, FM has emerged during an era of tremendous societal change, after the evolution of increasingly complex, computer controlled, and intensely serviced properties. Initially founded in the office, health, and defence sectors,
it may be claimed that this is a profession ideally adapted to the care of distinctive, cultural, or iconic contents and buildings. Levels of care, environmental control, and monitoring used in historic institutions must often be integrated and given to the highest possible standards if the contents and historic fabric are not to degrade. (T J Francis, A J Geens, and J Littlewood, 2010)
Individuals or socio-cultural groups may have differing views on what is and is not historic.
According to (Susan Harp of the United States Bureau of Historic Preservation). That the following criteria will be considered to determine eligibility for inclusion in the National Register of Historic Places:
‘Districts, sites, buildings, structures, and items may be regarded significant in American history, architecture, archaeology, engineering, and culture if they have integrity of location, design, setting materials, craftsmanship, feeling association, and so on.
a. Are related with events that have contributed significantly to the broad patterns of our history.
b. Are related with the lives of people notable in or from the past
c. Have distinctive qualities of kind, time, or manner of construction, or reflect the work of a master, or have great artist value, or represent an important and distinguishing entity whose constituents may lack individual distinction.
c. Have yielded or are likely to yield vital knowledge in prehistory or history.
To preserve the integrity and significance of such properties in the face of ageing, this thesis seeks to identify the applications and challenges faced by custodians or facility managers of such properties in terms of the necessary actions required to prevent deterioration and extend the life and basic functions of historical buildings.
Such measures will undoubtedly include: ongoing care and protection involving minor and significant repairs to building elements in order to keep them in excellent working order, hence extending the life of such element and the overall building for as long as possible.
To achieve the desired goal of preserving the historical identity and significance of such properties to the greatest extent possible, considerable administrative and managerial expertise will be required;
management must be effective and efficient in the utilisation of resources in order to achieve the set objectives through planning, organising, directing, and controlling available resources. (Arazi El Al, 2009, Management Definition)
By extension, historical building maintenance management entails the effective and efficient use of resources in the continuous care and protection of building elements in order to keep them in good order,
maintain the building fabrics and services, and extend the life of such element, and thus the entire building, for as long as possible. Where these properties have tourism potential,
it is critical to conserve these buildings by continuously caring for and protecting them from destruction in order to extend their life span and functions; it is natural for buildings to be exposed to serious building defects and deterioration as they age.
It is now common knowledge that no building is completely maintenance free. As a result, whether antique or modern, every building requires care and preservation to limit deterioration.
1.3 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
In Nigeria, facilities management is still in its early stages, as opposed to more developed countries such as Europe and the United States, where the practise has been in place since the 1980s.
Although certain corporate organisations in Nigeria have adopted facilities management for increased productivity, other sectors such as healthcare, manufacturing, education, and historic preservation have yet to investigate the benefits of efficient facilities management on their performance. 2009 (Durodola)
In Nigeria, there has been little research on the facility management of historical monuments. Adoni Abigo, Della Madgwick, Kassim Gidado, and Stephen Okonji (2012) conducted research on ‘Embedding Sustainable Facility Management in the Management of Public Buildings in Nigeria’.
Timothy Oladokun (2012) studied the overall Study of Facility Management Practise in Nigeria.
Dr. (Mrs.) Ihuoma P. Asabaka has conducted study on the Need for Effective Facility Management in Nigerian Schools.
Durodola (2009) conducted research on Hotel Property Management in South-Western Nigeria – Facility Management Perspective.
Historical buildings are those that were constructed and developed before facilities management became a full-fledged practise. Some difficulties that could make the work of facilities managers difficult include the cost of maintenance, government policies, age,
kind of construction, degree of proximity or dispersion of the facility, size and use, and so on. The need for the study stems from the fact that most historical structures are decaying and losing value. These research topics are the result of these statement difficulties.
1.3. RESEARCH QUESTIONS
What is the extent to which Facilities Management is used on historical buildings?
How effective is the use of Facility Management to historical buildings?
What are the obstacles in applying Facility Management to historical buildings?
1.4. PURPOSE AND OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this research is to look into the level of facility management on Tafawa Balewa Square (TBS) in Lagos.
OBJECTIVES
To determine the extent to which Facility Management is used on Tafawa Balewa Square.
To assess the effectiveness of the Facility Management application on Tafawa Balewa Square.
To identify the issues that Facility Management apps face on Tafawa Balewa Square.
1.5. HYPOTHESIS STATEMENT
Issuance I
H0: Facility Management principles are not being applied effectively to the management of Tafawa Balewa Square.
H1: Facility Management techniques are heavily used in the management of Tafawa Balewa Square.
Hypothesis No. 2
H0: There is no change in the contribution of the factors that provide challenges to the case study’s application of the Facility Management principle.
H1: There is a variation in the contribution of the variables that provide challenges to the case study’s application of the Facility Management principle.
1.6. THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This research will aid in articulating the philosophy underlying the idea (concept) of applying facilities management techniques to historical buildings. It will expose the current issues of this burgeoning industry as well as those that are projected to emerge in the future, as well as highlight the many challenges that the facility custodian may face.
It will also contribute to the existing body of knowledge in the field of FM by providing data for subsequent research. The study is expected to provide important information to Nigerian policymakers on how to establish an acceptable maintenance culture for our National Treasures.
This study raises public awareness about the planning and management of historical structures and their facilities. It would help the government understand the extent to which suitable provisions for proper management of our National Treasures should be made accessible. This will improve and contribute to the longevity of our National Treasures.
The study is expected to provide important information to Nigerian policymakers on how to establish an acceptable maintenance culture for our National Treasures.
This study raises public awareness about the planning and management of historical structures and their facilities. It would help the government understand the extent to which suitable provisions for proper management of our National Treasures should be made accessible.
1.7. SCOPE AND DELIVERY
Every historical building is distinctive in terms of design, construction, architectural elements and textiles, purpose of existence, and so on. It was unable to quantify and analyse the application and challenges of historical building facilities management in Nigeria. As a result, the research was limited to Lagos State,
which happens to house the majority of Nigeria’s historical buildings; the study was further limited to a specific historical building in order to have an in depth and generic knowledge of study and being the history behind the building (Tafawa Balewa Square) was chosen as the case study. Tafawa Balewa Square is where Nigeria gained independence on October 1, 1960. It was named after Nigeria’s first Prime Minister.
1.8. DEFINITION OF TERMS
1. Facility Management: Facility management is defined as the proactive management of built facilities and organisational assets in order to increase efficiency and provide value to their performance and services.
2. Management Style: This refers to the property asset maintenance approach used in the building’s operation, which could be maintenance management, property management, or facilities management.
3. Facilities: The structures, services, building features, and equipment that support the effective usage of the facility are referred to as facilities.
4. Historical structures. These are old structures that serve an important purpose for a community or nation.
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