Assessment Of Health Need For Internally Displaced Persons
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Assessment Of Health Need For Internally Displaced Persons
Chapter one
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
The most prevalent definition of Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) is based on the United Nations’ (UN) guiding principles for internal displacement. The guiding principles define IDPs as “persons or groups of people who have been forced or obligated to flee or leave their homes or places of habitual residence, in particular due to generalised violence, violations of human rights, or natural or man-made disasters, and who have not crossed an internationally recognised state border.”
They are frequently referred to as “refugees” despite not falling inside the existing legal definition of refugees (International Committee for the Red Cross, 2010).
). Internal displacement, which affects approximately 25 million individuals worldwide, is increasingly recognised as one of the most sad problems of our day. Every year, hundreds of thousands of people are displaced as a result of conflict around the world.
Forced to escape their homes in search of safety, some find sanctuary with family and friends, while others are jammed into camps, where they become even more violent, suffer from mental stress, and contract disease (Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre, 2013).
The Norwegian Refugee Council (NRC) describes the ripple effect of Boko Haram’s violence in a recent briefing, identifying three growing patterns of relocation.
The first is of internally displaced persons (IDPs) fleeing to the south of the country in the footsteps of economic migrants; the second is of people fleeing from rural to urban areas within their states; and the third is of secondary displacement of both IDPs and host communities who move once more when their resources are depleted (NRC, 2014).
Since 2011, the insurgency between Boko Haram and government forces has had an impact on the population of north-east Nigerian states. On May 14, 2013, the government proclaimed a state of emergency (SOE) in three northeastern states:
Borno, Yobe, and Adamawa. Insurgent attacks by Islamic Boko Haram insurgents have grown considerably since mid-2014 (Rushing and Joe, 2014).
Following its inception in 2002, Boko Haram’s growing radicalisation sparked a deadly rebellion in July 2009, during which its leader Mohammed Yusuf was executed. Its anticipated rebirth, following a massive jail break in September 2010, was accompanied by increasingly sophisticated attacks.
Since the current insurgency began in 2009, 20,000 people have been killed and 2.3 million have been displaced (Tiffen, 2009). This had led to major psychosocial issues for IDPs.
The displaced are dealing with family disintegration and community stratification. They are unemployed, with limited access to land, education, food, and shelter.
Displacement disturbs the lives of not just the individuals and families involved, but also society as a whole. Both displaced areas and new settlements suffer.
Camps are established to satisfy emergency displacement needs, with the exception of individuals who want to live with relatives and friends outside the camps. However, camp settings provide complications, particularly when displaced people stay in the camp for longer periods of time than intended.
When government and other donor agencies’ aid/assistance became insufficient, other needs of the displaced began to develop.
The issue of insufficient aid/assistance and long-term displacement in the camp necessitates upgrading temporary settlement and boosting access to essential services and livelihood possibilities (community development).
In an emergency situation, community development entails providing and making available necessities of life while in the camp, such as health services, education, skill acquisition programs, and improving acquired skills to meet societal demands, all with the goal of improving the camp’s living conditions.
The camp, which now acts as a community for the displaced, must be developed to meet their developmental needs.
Education provides physical, psychological, and cognitive protection that can save and preserve lives. It provides a safe learning environment and the ability to recognise and support impacted individuals, particularly children and adolescents.
Education reduces the emotional consequences of conflict and disasters by providing a feeling of normalcy and stability (Ferris and Winthrop 2010). Zerrougui believes that education saves lives in emergency situations and is an important component of child protection programs.
It supplies youngsters with life-saving information and builds on previous work done by patents and communities. In reality, education in an emergency scenario restores hope and minimises the trauma already experienced.
Another aspect of community growth in an emergency circumstance is health. People’s health suffers significantly as a result of displacement. Aside from the anxiety and anguish, the new settlement (camps) is frequently accompanied by environmental health challenges that jeopardise the health of the displaced.
In most circumstances, children and women are more vulnerable to starvation, infections, and violence. The displaced endure overcrowding, insufficient water and sanitation facilities, which lead to diarrhoea, acute respiratory illnesses, malaria, and meningitis.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
One of the primary issues affecting the provision of health care to internally displaced people in Maiduguri is a lack of effective health facilities.
The activities of the feared Boko Haram sect have disrupted Nigeria’s peace and tranquilly, particularly in Borno. Victims of war, fight, clash, or conflict are more than simply those who die in battle; those who live to tell the story face pains and memories that may never leave them the same.
Above and beyond, the displaced people in the camps have seen a lighter shade of death as a result of the hardships and sufferings they have faced in recent years. Some are lost and have no idea where their loved ones are.
Living in an IDP camp is enough to make them miserable and upset, especially because they were previously large business owners and landowners. However, the purpose of this study is to determine the information and health needs of IDPs in the Maiduguri camps in Borno State.
1.3 Objectives of the Study
The overall goal of this study is to investigate the assessment of health needs for internally displaced people in Maiduguri. The precise objectives are as follows:
1. To assess the situation of internally displaced people in Maiduguri.
2. Determine whether there is a health need among internally displaced people in Maiduguri.
3. Determine the availability of health care facilities for internally displaced people in Maiduguri.
4. Determine the government’s involvement in assuring the provision of health care for internally displaced people in Maiduguri.
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