ASSESSMENT OF THE KNOWLEDGE OF DIAGNOSED SICKLE CELL PATIENTS ABOUT SICKLE CELL ANAEMIA
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ASSESSMENT OF THE KNOWLEDGE OF DIAGNOSED SICKLE CELL PATIENTS ABOUT SICKLE CELL ANAEMIA
Chapter One: Introduction.
1.0 Background of the Study.
Sickle cell disease is an inherited disorder of red blood cells characterised by an aberrant kind of haemoglobin. The alteration of one amino acid modifies the structure of the globin chain, which affects the behaviour of the entire molecule. Sickle cell illness is virtually primarily found in black Americans and Africans.
Sickle cell trait is a heterozygous condition in which the individual got the Hb-S gene from only one parent. Only a small percentage of the individual’s haemoglobin is type Hb-S. A person with sickle cell trait is normally asymptomatic and is often unaware of the disorder, which can only be reliably confirmed by haemoglobin electrophoresis.
Sickle cell disease causes certain red blood cells to become crescent-shaped.
The defective haemoglobin, known as haemoglobin S, is fragile. People with sickle cell disease are more likely to become infected because the damaged cells eventually clog the spleen.
Sickle cell crisis is a sudden pain that might linger for several hours or days. It occurs when sickled red blood cells clog tiny arteries that convey blood during circulation. The pain may be throbbing, acute, dull, or stabbing.
The knowledge, attitude, and practice of preventing sickle cell crises have been identified and recognised as a technique for preventing sickling crises.
This study looked into the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of sickle cell crisis prevention among diagnosed patients at LUTH. It went on to address the idea of sickle cell illness, the inheritance pattern of sickle cell disease, the incidence of sickle cell disease, patient attitudes, the types of sickle cell disease, the types of sickle cell crises, symptoms, complications, and sickle cell crisis prevention.
1.1 Statement of the Problem
In contemporary society, the number of people suffering from sickle cell anaemia has risen alarmingly. These individuals caused problems for their families since they frequently became ill or experienced a crisis.
The children’s frequent crises have resulted in their continued absence from school, which has had a negative impact on their academic achievement. Also, in adults, their continuous absenteeism from work due to the sickle cell crisis has resulted in the loss of many hours at work, lowering productivity.
The treatment of sickle cell patients has also been a significant source of worry for nurses and hospital administrators. People have traditionally believed that sickle cell disease has a cure, but scientists say there is no treatment.
This has prompted increased understanding, attitude, and practice of sickle cell crisis prevention among diagnosed patients at L.U.T.H.
However, I became interested in this study because of my nursing experience with sickle cell patients’ knowledge, attitude, and practice of sickle cell crisis prevention.
1.2 The objectives of the study are to:
(I) Assess sickle cell patients’ awareness of sickle cell anaemia;
(II) Determine whether sickle cell patients’ knowledge influences sickle cell crisis prevention practices.
(III) Investigate the impact of knowledge and attitudes towards preventative practices on illness incidence.
1.3 Significance of the Study
To assist nurses in intensifying their efforts to implement crisis prevention measures for patients.
To improve sickle cell patient understanding and sickle cell crisis prevention practices.
It will also allow the government to assess the nursing department’s workforce in terms of remuneration, equipment, and facilities, as well as extend life spans, ensuring that there is enough manpower to care for the casualties.
1.4 Scope of the Study and Limitations
Because of time constraints, funding, and resources, the study was confined to diagnosed sickle cell patients at Lagos University Teaching Hospital in Lagos.
1.5 Operational Definition of Terms
Knowledge refers to one’s level of awareness about a specific phenomenon.
Attitude is a mental state, viewpoint, or sentiment regarding a reality.
Crises: A pivotal point in acute sickness, the tipping point between recovery and death.
Prevention: Keeping an occurrence or circumstance from occurring.
Haemoglobin is a complex protein molecule found within red blood cells that gives them their red colour and transports oxygen.
Anaemia is defined as a lack of either the number or amount of red blood cells in the blood.
Patient: Someone who is being treated for sickle cell disease.
A gene is a self-reproducing biological element that is placed on a certain chromosome.
Diagnosis: Identifying the nature of sickle cell illness.
1.6 RESEARCH QUESTIONS.
How much do diagnosed sickle cell patients know about sickle cell anaemia?
What is the attitude of diagnosed sickle cell patients towards the practice of preventing sickle cell crises?
1.7 Research Hypothesis
Hypothesis 1.
Ho: There is no significant association between diagnosed sickle cell patients’ educational levels and their awareness of sickle cell crisis prevention.
H1: There is a substantial association between diagnosed sickle cell patients’ educational levels and their awareness of sickle cell crisis prevention.
Hypothesis 2.
H0: There is no significant link between the attitudes of diagnosed sickle cell patients and the practice of sickle cell crisis prevention.
Hi: There is a significant association between diagnosed sickle cell patients’ attitudes and the practice of sickle cell crisis prevention.
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