ATTITUDE OF MOTHERS TOWARDS IMMUNIZATION.
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to analyze mothers’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices about childhood immunization over the first five years of their children’s lives in Saudi Arabia.
Method: A cross-sectional, descriptive study was done using convenience sampling, with 262 questionnaires completed by Saudi mothers with children aged 5 and under. The majority of participants (57%) were aged 25–31 years, 61 percent had a bachelor’s degree, and 60.3 percent had children aged 2–5 years.
The knowledge score was 86%, 2492 out of a total of 2893; the attitude score was 89.1 percent, 973 out of a total of 1052; and the practice score was 80.5 percent, 1059 out of a total of 1315. There was no evidence of a link (p > 0.05) between mothers’ vaccination knowledge, attitudes, and practices and their sociodemographic characteristics. Conclusion:
The Saudi moms in our sample were knowledgeable, had positive attitudes toward immunization, and practiced good hygiene.
This could be explained by our sample’s greater educational level. Recommendations: We advocate adopting a variety of teaching strategies to support mothers’ practice in managing vaccine problems.
Keywords: child; moms; knowledge; attitude; Saudi Arabia; practice
1. Introductory paragraph
One of the most important benefits that any government can provide to its people is disease prevention [1]. Vaccines are unquestionably an essential component of a health system [2, 3],
an effective tool for disease control in many countries around the world [4, 5], and the most cost-effective mechanism for morbidity and mortality prevention that allows people to better protect themselves from specific bacteria and viruses [4–8].
To get the best possible disease protection, children should receive all of their vaccines at the specified intervals and at the right age [9,10]. Vaccinating a child with adequate vaccines will greatly lower disease treatment costs and disease rates, improving the child’s quality of life [11].
Parents’ level of awareness about child immunization and their views toward vaccination may influence their practice [12]. A lack of knowledge or information on vaccination, low levels of awareness or negative attitudes about vaccination, and misperceptions or rumors about the safety of vaccination are major barriers to high child coverage [13–15].
The mother’s age, occupation, degree of education, and family nature were all connected with higher knowledge and attitude [5]. Institutions (49.5 percent) and internet sources (21.3 percent) were the most prevalent sources of vaccine knowledge [1,16].
As a result, mothers’ knowledge, attitude, and practice about child immunization involve a multifaceted relationship surrounded by numerous variables.
In a prior study that included 250 moms chosen using multistage sampling and employed frequencies and percentages to statistically analyze the data collected, 72.0 percent of the mothers who participated had overall good awareness about child immunization.
One hundred percent of the mothers who took part had a favorable view toward kid vaccination. 98.8 percent of the moms who took part agreed that childhood vaccination is vital [5].
A study by Verulava et al. [16], which included 60 mothers and used frequencies and percentages for statistical analysis of the data collected, revealed that the majority of the mothers (65%) did not know the reason for the vaccinations, but they did know the appropriate age for the vaccinations and when they should begin.
Fifty-nine percent of respondents believed that vaccination was not hazardous. Thus, the mothers’ vaccination views were favorable since the majority of the mothers believed in the value of vaccination and adhered to the immunization schedule [2].
According to the findings of a study conducted by Ramadan et al. [14], 462 out of 1050 participating mothers lacked awareness about mandatory vaccines, whereas only six had negative attitudes toward mandatory immunizations and 265 had a low practice score.
Furthermore, the study found a positive Pearson’s correlation (0.037) between the mother’s age and level of knowledge. Furthermore, Birhanu et al. [15] discovered that 55.0 percent (626) of the participating moms had a good level of understanding, 53.8 percent had a positive attitude, and 84% practiced child immunizations.
As a result, the study concluded that the participating mothers’ knowledge and attitudes concerning child immunization were insufficient, and they recommended additional health education for mothers to enhance knowledge [15].
Furthermore, Sohail et al. [17] discovered that the mothers lacked awareness about the necessity of vaccination: 26.5 percent were unaware of routine vaccines and the vaccination schedule, and only 37.0 percent were aware of the names of infectious diseases and when to vaccinate their children.
Mahalingam et al. [18] carried out a study with 200 mothers. Using a t-test, it was discovered that there was a substantial difference in knowledge, attitudes, and practices about pediatric vaccines between urban and rural moms.
In comparison to rural mothers, 75.6 percent of urban mothers had a high level of expertise, according to the survey. Furthermore, when compared to rural mothers, 95.9 percent of urban mothers had good practice [18].
A survey of 300 moms indicated that just 17.0 percent of the mothers had a decent level of understanding on childhood vaccinations, but 96.6 percent of the mothers had a favorable attitude and 88.1 percent of them had good practice.
Furthermore, this study advocated for increased educational initiatives on childhood immunizations [19]. Furthermore, Sunny et al. [3], who included 143 mothers in their study, discovered that 50.4 percent of mothers had great awareness about kid immunizations, whereas 34.2 percent had mediocre understanding. Furthermore, 64.3 percent of mothers had a positive attitude about childhood vaccines, and 90.2 percent of moms had good practice [3].
In conclusion, it is clear from the studies reviewed above that the setting in which each study was conducted affected the level of knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding vaccinations at the various levels of all of the mothers, as well as the correlations associated with knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding vaccinations.
Furthermore, the majority of the investigations were conducted in other countries.
Furthermore, it is apparent that mothers play an important role in the care of their children and the maintenance of their health. As a result, it is critical to have an adequate
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