COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF CHALLENGES OF URBAN
Need help with a related project topic or New topic? Send Us Your Topic
DOWNLOAD THE COMPLETE PROJECT MATERIAL
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF CHALLENGES OF URBAN
INTRODUCTION
Hurricane Sandy served as another harsh reminder that urban regions must discover innovative ways to deal with the increasingly tough challenge of flood preparation. A flood happens when water flow from the land exceeds the stream channel’s capacity.
“Flood risks Except for the Inner Mountain West and Southern California, a map of susceptible flood areas includes nearly all major urban centres in the United States. Flood risks From 1929 to 2003, urban floods in the United States caused an estimated $171 billion in property damage.
Flood Risks Floods have inflicted the most damage of any natural disaster in the United States.5 billion dollars have been invested on flood prevention structures.
However, as “first responders” in the effort to avoid and respond to flood damage, local governments will see urban flood damages increase for four reasons. First, federal flood control policy for the last eighty years has given the impression that infrastructure and post-disaster relief can provide maximum flood protection.
Second, the federal flood insurance program has hindered more cost-effective avoidance techniques, such as less intensive flood plain development and restoration, by encouraging heavy development in river and coastal floodplains rather than shifting it to less vulnerable locations.
Third, global climate change is expected to exacerbate flood and coastal storm surge events. Fourth, damage prevention responsibility is being de facto transferred to local governments as the federal government and states, with noteworthy exceptions, invest less of their limited resources in flood infrastructure building.
Need help with a related project topic or New topic? Send Us Your Topic