COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF WORLD RELIGIONS.
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COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF WORLD RELIGIONS.
I. Introduction
Religion has the potential to help save our planet’s ecosystem. Religious beliefs are fundamental to many people around the world3, and we must address them in order to achieve the dramatic ethical reforms required to save our planet.
4 Laws aiming at preventing environmental degradation must be written and executed with the realisation that, in the face of scientific ambiguity, religious values play a significant role alongside the traditional cost-benefit analysis, which is commonly claimed to constitute rational decision-making.5 In this article, we choose 2006.
Religion and the Environment
to investigate the religious path to an environmental ethic in order to provide “a framework that raises ethical issues and expects ethical conduct.” We expect that religious ideas will act as a “stepping stone[]” in bridging the divide between human-centered utilitarianism and the environmental moralist approach.8 Many environmental decisions include scientific ambiguity. Value decisions must be made in the absence of known future effects.
10 Religious values, as well as other values that influence policy decisions in the midst of uncertainty, should be recognised so that they can be discussed openly and honestly.11 environmental values crucial to their decisionmaking,” including “certain’squishy’ values.” But see Bruce Yandle, Mr. Lomborg and the Common Law, 53 CASE W. RES. L. REV. 285, 292 (2002) (“For fundamental institutional change to enter the action agenda, calm and rational thought must have replaced fear, pessimism, and religious sentiments about environmental use.”).
6. Eric T. Freyfogle, The Land Ethic and Pilgrim Leopold, 61 University of Colorado Law Review 217, 255 (1990). See also Robert W. Lanna, Catholic Tradition and the New Catholic Theology: Social Teaching on the Environment, 39 CATH. LAW.
353-354 (2000) (explaining that “[n]ot long after the modern environmental movement began nearly thirty years ago, a small number of theologians began exploring applications of Catholic tradition and social teaching to address the environmental challenges facing the world”); Larry B. Stammer
The Nation: Faith-Based Stance on Environment, L.A. TIMES, July 4, 2004, at A18 (reporting on a group of evangelical leaders from conservative Christian churches who have
Holly Doremus, “Environmental Ethics and Environmental Law: Harmony, Dissonance, Cacophony, or Irrelevance?” 37 U.C. Davis Law Review 1, 6 (2003). See also Thomas M.J. Möllers, A Call for Consideration of Human Modes of Behaviour When Promoting Environmentally Correct Behaviour by Means of Information and Force of Law, in LAW & EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY 315, 319-20 (1999) (noting that even when people realise the negative consequences of their actions on the environment, they fail to act appropriately because “[c]atering for one’s own personal needs – not to say desires – clearly take preference over a communal attempt to pr 8. See Doremus, supranote 7, at 7.
However, see Dan Tarlock’s Environmental Law: Ethics or Science, 7 Duke ENVTL. L. & POL’Y F. 193, 200 (1996) (“[f]rom an environmental perspective, both religion and Enlightenment thinking share the same defect:
humankind is the exclusive interest.”). 9. Holly Doremus, Constitutive Law and Environmental Policy, 22 STAN. ENVTL. L.J. 295, 297 (2003) (“Uncertainty pervades every aspect of environmental law.”).
See Flatt, supra note 5, at 16. See also Todd Zywicki, Baptists?: The Political Economy of Environmental Interest Groups, 53 Case Western Reserve Law Review 315, 350 (2002). ( “Although environmentalism was once a science-based movement, it has increasingly abandoned its roots in science.” ).
11. See Flatt, supra note 5, at 16 (arguing for “an open and honest discussion of the actual value choices that our government and society want to make about the environment”)
. There are numerous voices attempting to be heard in the discussion over environmental legislation. Compare Marc R. Poirier’s “It Was the Best of Times, It Was the Worst of Times…:” Science, Rhetoric, and Distribution in a Risky World, 53 Case Western Reserve Law Review 409, 426 (2002). (“Most, if not all, environmental policy decisions are inherently moral and political in nature,”
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