Comparative Study On Health Education Intervention On Malaria Prevention In Communities
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Comparative Study On Health Education Intervention On Malaria Prevention In Communities
Chapter one
INTRODUCTION
1.1. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Nigeria is a country rich in vegetation and water features, particularly in the eastern and southern regions. This is often beneficial to the people who live in such environments in terms of agriculture and weather; nevertheless, there are some drawbacks to this natural gift.
Some of the downsides include infections that are present in most water bodies, particularly stagnant ones. However, for the sake of this study, we will focus on malaria as one of the benefits enjoyed by the residents of this area.
According to World Health Organisation (WHO) statistics, malaria is predominantly found in tropical and subtropical regions of the world, and this terrible disease causes more than 300 million to 500 million acute illnesses.According to the study, almost one million deaths among this demographic occur each year.
According to the report, approximately 30 to 40 percent of the world’s population lives in the poorest countries and is at risk of contracting malaria. The malaria parasite has spread more than four times and is now associated with the most lethal diseases such as Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS), Leprosy, measles, tuberculosis, and whooping cough.
It has been observed that most young mothers of children aged three to five in Nigeria’s six geopolitical zones have ignored the issue of malaria parasites and preventive measures recommended by the World Health Organisation (WHO).
Most health organisations have been attempting to control the effects of these malaria parasites; the national malaria situation survey relating to preventive health behaviour in malaria shows that there has been a poor use of mosquito nets among parents of children under the age of five in Nigeria’s six geopolitical zones; the study shows that a percentage of parents of children under the age of five who use mosquito nets is less than 10%.
According to the survey, some of the preventive measures that were reportedly adopted included the following: Windows accounted for 16.5%, door nets for 15.6%, insecticides and aerosols for 33.8%, mosquito repellents for 22.7%, and herbs for around 23.0%.
Malaria is the most common parasitic endemic disease in Africa; despite being preventable, treatable, and curable, it remains one of Nigeria’s major health problems.
Despite numerous preventive interventions, the malaria effect and symptoms in the country are worsening. The barriers to the success of some interventions include socio-cultural, economic, and political in nature.
Malaria is said to be the country’s leading cause of death and malformation among children under the age of five. In Nigeria today, contemporary medicine interprets health in terms of medical interventions, with a greater emphasis on the importance of medical technology.
It is generally preferable to promote the concept and qualities of health as a result of the interaction between humans and their surroundings. Behavioural change communication is to ensure that people, families, communities, and health workers take preventative actions to avoid sickness, enhance their knowledge of malaria, and utilise antimalarial medications appropriately.
More efforts should be made to ensure a smooth transition to the use of Arthemisin-based combination therapies (ACT). Intensive BBC and capacity development should be directed at malaria drug users and all cadres of health providers using the methods listed below.
Today, if we compare Africa to the rest of the world, we will see that Africans bear a greater burden of malaria; in Africa and other parts of the sub-Saharan region, malaria infections caused by Plasmodium falciparum are the most severe and pose a threat to the lives of the people living there.
In Nigeria nowadays, weak infrastructure, such as a good hospital, leads to boost malaria campaigns. We have only witnessed minimal benefit from the history on the fight against malaria in most portion of Nigeria.
Series of programme have been implemented to see to the complete eradication of malaria parasite one of these programme is the Roll Back Malaria; this strategy in its own way played an improtant role in the complete detection and eradication of malaria parasite though rapid treatement, multiple prevention, good action, flexible and dynamic global movement.
In Nigeria there should be need for the involvement of community health worker as they would help in the completion and ease of service to fight against mosquito illness in majority of the communites in Nigeria. Community health professionals support the delivery of health services in general, and preventative health measures, in particular.
The involvement of community workers helps mediate socioeconomic differences within communities, the overall health improvements achievable through community-based interventions by the federal governement of Nigeria, the world health organisation and the community workers tends to be on the increase.
The study tend to taking Anambra State into consideration to elicit information on the understanding of both behavioural and non-behavioural elements that are vital for the design of effective treatments for treating malaria. This study will also look at how health education interventions affect malaria prevention in Anambra State communities.
1.2 Statement of Problem
The global mortality rate from malaria is in the millions; this disease is becoming a tremendous burden for people in Africa and other developing countries; as a result, the region’s economic progress is slowing.
According to the National Malaria Control Programme, the malaria parasite is responsible for more than 60% of outpatient visits in Nigeria today; additionally, at least 24% of children die each year as a result of malaria.
According to (Pharmanews, 2003), the federal government of Nigeria spends about 130 million naira per year on treatment costs, preventative costs, and lost man-hours in the malaria programme.
In April 2000, the international community and the majority of African governments convened in a summit in Abuja, Nigeria, to discuss how to reduce malaria mortality among Africans.
The federal government of Nigeria has implemented a health education project and community workers in an effort to lessen the impact of malaria on the people of Anambra state.
The Nigerian federal government, through the WHO, has developed a strategy that will run from 2016 to 2030 to determine how to minimise the impact of malaria by at least 90%. They also intend to reduce malaria fatality rates by at least 90%.
Malaria prevention used to appear to be a waste of time and resources, but with the implementation of a health education program and the assistance of community workers, the new technique may be successful.
This study is thus interested in a comparative assessment of the preventive technique utilised by Nigeria’s federal government in the fight against malaria and the induction of health education and community workers, with Anambra State serving as a case study.
1.3 PURPOSES OF THE STUDY
The study aims to conduct a comparative analysis on health education interventions for malaria prevention in Nigerian communities.
1. Investigate the impact of health education interventions on malaria control.
2. To determine how community workers affect malaria control and prevention in Anambra state.
3. To examine the role of community workers in the socioeconomic development of Anambra State.
4. Determine the effect of the malaria parasite on human health.
5. To distinguish between the Roll Back Malaria (RBM) project and the implementation of health education and community workers.
6. To examine the federal government’s support for malaria prevention and control through the World Health Organisation (WHO).
1.4 Significance of the Study
The study will be extremely beneficial to both researchers, students, the Anambra state community, and the nation as a whole because it will discuss the various methods of malaria prevention, as well as the need for the services of community workers in the prevention of malaria in the community.
The study will also discuss the impact of malaria on human health. Finally, the study will explore the distinction between the Roll Back Malaria (RBM) program and the implementation of health education and community workers.
1.5 SCOPE OF STUDY.
The study will focus on health education interventions in Anambra State communities.
1.6 SEARCH QUESTION
To meet the above-stated objectives, the study formulated the following questions:
1. How can health education intervention help to control malaria?
2. How do community workers contribute to malaria control and prevention in Anambra State?
3. What is the impact of malaria parasite on human health?
4. Is there a distinction between the Roll Back Malaria (RBM) initiative and the implementation of health education and community workers?
5. What responsibilities do community workers play in the socioeconomic development of Anambra State?
6. What roles do Nigeria’s federal government and the World Health Organisation play in malaria prevention and control?
1.7 Statement of Hypothesis
H0: In terms of malaria prevention and control, there is no substantial difference between introducing health education and Roll Back Malaria (RBM).
H1: In malaria prevention, there is a substantial disparity between the implementation of health education and the Roll Back Malaria (RBM) program.
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