Cytological Evaluation Of Sputum Samples In Welders
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Cytological Evaluation Of Sputum Samples In Welders
ABSTRACT
Metal fume fever and pneumosiderosis are occupational lung diseases that develop when welders are exposed to welding fumes and iron particles during their work. For this investigation, a total of 154 sputum samples were obtained. A total of 104 sputum samples were obtained from welders in various sites throughout Owerri.
Fifty (50) sputum samples were gathered from seemingly healthy non-welders. The age range of 21-30 years had the highest frequency of occurrence, with 46 (44.23%), followed by the age range of 31-40 years, with 30 (28.84%), and the lowest, with 4 (3.85%) for the test subjects.
The duration of exposure to welding fumes and iron particles reveals that those exposed from 7-13 years had the highest frequency of occurrence with 30 (28.85%), followed by the age range 1-6 years with 25 (24.04%), and the least duration of exposure was recorded among the rest ranging from 27-33 years with 10 (9.61%) each.
Many iron deposits were found in the sputum specimens, producing positive reactions with the Perls Prussian Blue method with a frequency of 37 (71.15%), with only 5 (28.85%) recorded as negative for test subjects.
The Papanicolaou method was used in this study, and certain cytological results were varied. Long-term exposure to welding fumes and metallic dust particles, inadequate working ventilation, and ignorance of the consequences were among the risk factors that exacerbated the illness, even in seemingly healthy individuals.
INTRODUCTION
The welding technique involves connecting metal parts by heating them to melting temperature (Kimet et al., 2005). Soldering, as a sort of welding, emits numerous pollutants at a pace adequate to induce both short- and long-term health impacts, particularly if not well managed (Antonini et al. 1998).
The metal composition of the fume formed during metal welding is mostly determined by the welding electrode or wire used in the process (Solano et al., 2006). According to epidemiology, more than two million people globally perform welding as part of their job obligations (Solano et al., 2006).
Previous research reported that 22% of welders or solderers, as well as others who worked near welding or soldering, had occupational asthma and other respiratory problems (Palmer et al., 1997).
One of the primary constraints in studying the harmful health consequences of welding emissions is the changeable ambient conditions of the workplace. This includes varied ventilation quality, as well as exposure to a variety of other harmful elements such as asbestos, smoking, silica, and organic solvents (Antonini et al., 1998).
Chronic exposure to welding fumes can significantly reduce lung function. There is accumulating evidence that welding fume exposure may raise the risk of cardiovascular disease.
Although the specific reasons for cardiovascular disease are unknown, it appears that systemic inflammation caused by occupational exposure to these fumes may account for some of the elevated cardiovascular risk in welders (Kimet et al. 2005).
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