DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A 2000W INVERTER
ABSTRACT
A 1.25KVA (2000W) inverter generator was designed, constructed and certified Ok.
In this project, the design of the inverter generator is aimed at satisfying the need of converting, a D.C source of supply (12v battery) to an A.C voltage of 220v.
The inverter range of output is between 200-220v.
Since the inverter was designed to step-up voltage, the power transformer is being used as step-down transformer for charging and as step-up transformer for inverting.
The control circuit ensures appropriate switching of the input voltage from mains supply to the taping of the transformer for charging.
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Electrical power being one of the basic criteria for the measurement of development in a country is a basic necessity. It is the responsibility of any responsible government to provide stable cheap and uninterrupted power supply to its citizens through the provision of adequate electrical infrastructures.
Since the advent of the first electricity, generator, many other forms of generators has been developed for the conversion of various forms of energy into electricity.
These includes hydro power generator in hydro power stations, gasoline and diesel fired generators, as turbine generators, solar generators steam turbine generators, wind turbine generators and fuel all electric power generators.
All the above forms of generator have proved potent but due to disadvantage or drawbacks or one lead to the reinvention of another.
All those generators mentioned above are
Difficult to set up (gas plant)Expensive to run (fuel, gas)Time consumingNoise during operation (generators)Pollution to the environment
When all these were put into consideration, the invention of inverters became necessary, due to it’s following features as listed below;
Small in size
Easy to set up
Less expensive
Noise free
Environmentally friendly
The inverter is an aspect of electronics engineering known as “power electronics” meaning using electronics as a medium to generate power (electricity). An inverter is a DC to AC converter device that is more efficient in operation. Hence, in advanced countries the use of solar panels is being employed to convert radiant energy, the batteries for effective operation of the inverter.
As the saying goes “necessity is the mother of invention” Therefore, the need for inverter has become necessary in a country like Nigeria to help boost power supply so as to enhance economic growth of the people and the entire nation at large.
1.1 ANALYSIS/ REVIEW OF EXISTING SYSTEM
The unantomated inverter is not really an inverter is just made up of circuit computation via transistors and transformer to produce an A.C voltage.
Most foreign inverters are low power inverters that cannot withstand a load up of 12.5KVA due to the use of some fragile components. E.g BJT transistor.
Some local technicians can construct an inverter with no control i.e. some additional features to enhance the performance of the inverter during operation.
1.2 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
This project is designed to improve on the existing system by not only having in place those thing is some of the existing one like automatic trip off when battery voltage drops, fully charge, cut off when the battery has reached its peak voltage, the use of MOSFET, as rectifier is to charge the battery (in built charge).
1.3 SCOPE/LIMIT OF THE PROJECT
The design of this project is limited to input voltage of about 12V capable of delivering circuit ranging from 45A to 60A D.C.
Although it can be extended further but for higher capacity the input voltage should be increased so as to minimize the current.
The effect of this is that, the higher the current, the larger the cross sectional area of conductors that will be used.
This project can withstand a load range from 0-2000w, 50HZ between 220-240v output.
A load of 2000W cannot be attain due to some losses from various part of the design such as transformer looses. 2000W is the power at no load.
1.4 APPLICATION
This project can be used to supply A.C of 200-220V from an input voltage of 12V D.C provided the input current does not rise above 15A, when a load of 700W is applied.
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TABLE OF CONTENT
TITLE PAGE
CERTIFICATION PAGE
DEDICATION
ACKNOLWLEDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
TABLE OF CONTENT
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Analysis/ Review Of Existing System
1.2 Aims And Objectives
1.3 Scope/Limit Of The Project
1.4 Application
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Literature Review
2.1 Brief Review of Principle behind This Project
2.2.1 Capacitor
2.2.2 Resistor
2.2.3 Relay
2.2.4 Transistor
2.2.5 Diode
2.2.6 Switch
2.2.7 Operational Amplifiers (Op-Amp)
2.2.9 Transformer
2.2.10 A.C Voltage Meter
2.2.11 CD 4047 (MULTIVIBRATOR)
2.2.12 MOSFET
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 Mode of Operation and Basic Components Used
3.1 Methodology
3.1.2 Input stage
3.1.2 Regulation
3.1.3 Control Logic
3.1.4 Oscillator
3.1.5 Phase Splitter
3.1.6 Driver Section
3.1.7 Step-Up Transformer
3.1.8 Output Section
3.2 Methodology 2
3.2.1 Input stage
3.2.2 Isolating relay
3.2.3 Step down Transformer
3.2.3 Rectifier Circuit Via MOSFET
3.2Theory and Calculation of Transformer
3.4Core Dimension
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 Construction Testing and result
4.1 Problems Encountered
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 Conclusion
5.1 Recommendation
Reference
DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A 2000W INVERTER
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