DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF A MEDICAL REPORT MANAGEMENT AND DISTRIBUTION USING BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY
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abstract
As a conceptualization Transparency is critical for information flow across systems that operate on disparate platforms. And healthcare is a critical industry that values data openness, confidentiality, and integrity. Apart from security problems, interoperability is a big issue in the E-health business, and current trends indicate that systems operating inside the hospital domain are unable to interact with other health facilities in order to exchange information. This makes it more difficult for health practitioners to exchange patient data and get access to medical history, which enables evidence-based decision-making at all levels of the system, but particularly at the point of origin. The purpose of this study was to determine why hospitals that rely on manual processes and developers attempting to automate confront difficulties standardizing current systems, integrating old systems with new platforms, and achieving interoperability. To that aim, this thesis study established a platform that leverages Blockchain technology and distributed file systems to link current health information systems, enabling rapid and safe data interchange and, ultimately, interoperability. According on the performance assessment conducted with main end users, the framework prototype enabled patients to migrate their data and share it with several providers on demand. Additionally, it guaranteed that a persistent reference to the data is maintained in a distributed ledger that is sharable and interoperable across several application frontends.
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CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to Study
Electronic health record systems (EHRs) were never intended to handle multi-institution, life-long medical records. Patients’ data is dispersed among several organizations as a result of life events that divert them from one provider’s data to another. They lose simple access to historical data in the process, since the provider, not the patient, typically maintains primary stewardship (either explicitly in over 21 states or implicitly via default arrangements made throughout the course of delivering treatment) [1]. Patients are able to get their own medical records within 24 hours of submitting a request under the globally recognized HIPPA guidelines. Apart from the time delay, initiating record maintenance may be fairly problematic, since patients are seldom encouraged or permitted to study their whole record [1,2]. Thus, patients’ interactions with records are fragmented, reflecting the nature of how these data are administered.
Patient data are increasingly in demand for objectives such as research, education, postmarketing monitoring, quality evaluation, and outcome analysis as health care becomes more complicated. Many of these records need the availability of patient data in a structured electronic format. Despite fast advancements in computer technology that enable the organization, analysis, and sharing of patient data, the majority of health care institutions continue to employ an antiquated paper-based data recording method.
Apparently, the majority of doctors still believe that paper records are more appropriate for their tasks than modern digital equivalents. Both the shortcomings and virtues of paper-based HDRs have been noted, and it has been challenging to develop a computerized HDR that takes use of the computer’s capabilities without sacrificing the paper chart’s benefits. Essentially, the structure of HDR is of great relevance since it dictates how doctors and other health care providers use the information.
1.2 Problem Statement
As technology advances and the electronic world increasingly takes over, information plays a significant role and our universe faces difficulties such as security, privacy, and confidentiality, where any data that is helpful is deemed information. Medical information on patients is another area that requires attention and a great deal of labor. As Ethiopia’s largest health data facilitating organization, the Ministry of Health is tasked with the responsibility of monitoring and safeguarding all medical information stored in medical institutions. When it comes to medical records administration, institutions often rely on manual records management or web-based data management, both of which have several weaknesses. Even if privacy problems might be handled by a system-based approach, there is still no widespread agreement on the precise technological infrastructure required to accomplish this job. Finally, medical data should be owned, operated, and made accessible to anyone other than hospitals. This is a critical notion of patient-centered interoperability that has remained unsolved to yet.
1.3 Research QUESTIONS
The researcher established four important research questions to aid in the organization of the remainder of the study.
To what degree do Nigerian health care institutions take into account the medical history of their patients?
How can medical data be made interoperable across medical institutions?
How may blockchain technology aid EHR processes in the medical sector?
How to enable a patient to access his or her medical information from any location at any time.
1.7 The Study’s Scope
The scope of this study is confined to the retrieval of patient data and the giving of access between two parties (Nodes) on the system, for example, between a patient and a doctor or between a patient and a pharmacy. The primary sources of data loss for medical companies include distributed denial of service (DDoS) assaults, targeted attacks, and also natural disasters.
The research is confined to developing a prototype of an EHR management platform with the goal of safeguarding medical data optimally while also making them accessible to all stakeholders, since each actor in the system is considered as a node.
1.8 The study’s significance
The research aids in the management of medical data interoperability by requiring that the data format be consistent across all medical organizations, hence minimizing the time spent managing medical data across several medical organizations. The cloud is the most recent and secure data storage location, and organizations are satisfied not only with the security of cloud storage but also with the storage capacity of cloud-based storages. However, Blockchain technology can easily address customers’ risk management and storage requirements. The developed prototype of a Blockchain-based EHR management platform has the potential to protect institutions from serious data breaches and to instill a sense of security in their data because it is distributed across all organizations and patients. Patients will benefit from increased satisfaction due to their ability to access their medical history anywhere, anytime, and on the go, as well as increased reliability regarding privacy issues and inconveniences, as well as increased reliance on the company. This study may serve as a foundation for future research in this field. Additionally, this research encourages other firms to use an intelligence-based Blockchain-based data monitoring environment.
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