DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF AN AUTOMATIC CAR PLATE NUMBER RECOGNITION SYSTEM
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DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF AN AUTOMATIC CAR PLATE NUMBER RECOGNITION SYSTEM
Chapter one
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
The widespread integration of information technology into all parts of modern life has increased demand for processing vehicles as conceptual resources in information systems.
Because a solo information system without data is meaningless, there was also a need to convert information about automobiles between reality and information systems.
This can be accomplished by a human agent or by specific intelligent equipment capable of recognising automobiles based on their number plates in a real-world setting and reflecting it into conceptual resources.
As a result, many recognition algorithms have been developed, and car plate recognition systems are now utilised in a variety of traffic and security applications, including parking, access and border control, and the tracking of stolen vehicles.
A vehicle registration plate is a metal or plastic plate fitted to a motor vehicle for official identification. The registration identification is a numeric or alphanumeric code that uniquely identifies the vehicle in the issuing region’s database.
In some countries, the identifier is unique throughout the country, whereas in others, it is specific to a state or province. Whether the identifier is associated with a vehicle or a person differs depending on the issuing agency.
Depending on the country, the vehicle registration plate may be known as a number plate, tag, automobile plate or number plate. Most governments require a registration plate to be attached to both the front and rear of a vehicle, however some jurisdictions or vehicle types, such as motorboats, just require one plate, which is normally attached to the back.
This number is associated with other vehicle-related information in national databases, such as the make, model, colour, year of manufacture, engine size, type of gasoline used, Vehicle Identification (Chassis) Number, and the name and address of the registered owner or keeper.
Access control is the practice of controlling authorised persons’ access to a property, a building, or a room. Physical access control can be accomplished by a human (a guard, bouncer, or receptionist) using mechanical locks and keys or technical techniques such as access control systems.
Automatic car plate recognition (ACPR) is a form of mass surveillance in which optical character recognition is used to read vehicle registration plates from photographs.
They can use existing closed-circuit television or road-rule enforcement cameras, as well as those created particularly for the role. They are employed by many police agencies as a method of electronic toll collection on pay-per-use roadways, as well as to catalogue traffic or individual movements.
ACPR can be used to save both the images acquired by the cameras and the text from the licence plate, with some models customisable to store a driver portrait. Infrared lighting is often used in systems to allow cameras to capture images at any time of day. Because plates vary by location, ACPR technology is often region-specific.
The system’s software works on normal home computer hardware and is compatible with other programmes or databases. It initially employs a number of image processing algorithms to detect, normalise, and improve the image of the automobile plate, followed by optical character recognition (OCR) to extract the licence plate’s alphanumeric characters.
ACPR systems are typically deployed in one of two ways: one allows the entire process to be performed in real time at the lane location, while the other transmits all images from multiple lanes to a remote computer location and performs the OCR process there at a later time.
When done at the lane site, the plate alphanumeric, date-time, lane identification, and any other required information are all gathered in around 250 milliseconds. This data can be quickly communicated to a remote computer for further processing if necessary, or it can be retained in the lane for later retrieval.
In the alternative arrangement, a server farm often has a large number of PCs to manage heavy workloads. Often, such systems require images to be forwarded to a remote server, which can necessitate the use of higher bandwidth communication media.
During the 1990s, substantial technological advancements transformed automatic car plate recognition systems from limited, expensive, and difficult to set up fixed-based applications to easy “point and shoot” mobile ones.
This was made possible by the development of software that ran on less expensive PC-based, non-specialist gear and did not require the plates to pass across the camera’s field of vision at predetermined angles, directions, sizes, and speeds.
1.2 Statement of Problem
Over the years, vehicles have been utilised to commit crimes such as robbery and kidnapping. Auto theft has also been a serious concern for the nation.
Automated car plate recognition (ACPR) is becoming more widely used by law enforcement.ACPR systems automatically capture an image of the vehicle’s number plate, convert that image into alphanumeric characters using optical character recognition or similar software
compare the acquired plate number to one or more databases of vehicles of interest to law enforcement and other agencies, and notify the officer when a vehicle of interest is observed.
The automated acquisition, analysis, and comparison of vehicle licence plates often takes seconds, informing the officer almost immediately if a wanted plate is detected.
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