DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF AN ONLINE BIRTH REGISTRATION AND BIRTH RATE MONITORING INFORMATION RECORD SYSTEM
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DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF AN ONLINE BIRTH REGISTRATION AND BIRTH RATE MONITORING INFORMATION RECORD SYSTEM
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
Registering a child’s birth is an important initial step in ensuring lifelong safety. Promoting children’s right to birth registration is obviously within UNICEF’s mandate. There has been some success, if slight, in increasing birth registration rates.
Between 2000 and 2010, global birth registration numbers increased relatively little, from 58% to 65%. Certain international developments offer chances for rethinking birth registration techniques.
Birth registration is the continuous, permanent, and universal recording in the civil registry of the occurrence and characteristics of births in line with a country’s legal criteria. The State officially records a child’s birth through birth registration.
It is a permanent and official record of a child’s life. Birth registration is a component of a successful civil registration system that recognises a person’s existence before the law, creates family links, and monitors the important events in a person’s life, from live birth to marriage and death (Cody, 2009).
Although birth registration is nearly complete in all affluent countries, the failure of many poor countries to make progress on civil registration has resulted in enormous worldwide inequalities.
The births of about 230 million children under the age of five have not been registered. Of them, around 85 million live in Sub-Saharan Africa, 135 million in Asia (east, south, and Pacific), and the remainder in the rest of the world.
But is this important in their lives? Birth registration may mark the start of a legal contract between the individual and the state known as citizenship.
Birth registration is significant proof of the child’s place of birth and parentage, and while it does not bestow citizenship, it is sometimes required for its acquisition under each country’s laws.
Birth registration may sometimes be required to confirm nationality after tumultuous events such as armed conflict or state succession. Birth registration and citizenship acquisition are two separate processes; nonetheless, birth registration serves as crucial proof of the facts that form the basis for conferring citizenship at birth.
More specifically, it creates a legal record of where the kid was born and who his or her parents are, determining whether the child can obtain citizenship through place of birth (jus soli) or descent (jus sanguinis).
Children who are not registered are denied the advantages of citizenship in ways that differ by country. A birth certificate may be required to receive access to essential services like as health and education
and it can also assist in protecting children from circumstances of exploitation and violence, such as child marriage and child labour, as well as obtaining convictions for those who have abused a child.
In adulthood, birth certificates may be required for a variety of purposes, including obtaining social security or a job in the formal sector, purchasing or proving the right to inherit property, obtaining identity cards, voting, and obtaining passports.
A lack of a birth certificate can have substantial, cumulative negative consequences for people’s life possibilities. Birth registration not only provides the individual with legal confirmation of identity, but it also helps to provide vital data.
8 Birth registration is a component of national civil registration systems, which also record weddings and deaths. Civil registration provides governments with the demographic data they need to track population numbers, differences, and trends.
Civil registration, when completed and accurate, promotes democratic governance. It enables governments to create policies and strategies for basic service delivery and social and economic growth that address the demands of various segments of their communities.
Civil registration, through these processes, facilitates children’s and adults’ access to legal protection, services and entitlements, and social and economic possibilities, as well as their ability to exercise their civil rights (UNICEF, 2002).
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