DOMESTIC VIOLENCE’S EFFECT ON ADOLESCENT ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE
Chapter One
Introduction
Domestic violence, according to Ganley (1989), includes physical abuse, sexual abuse, psychological abuse, and abuse of property and pets. According to him, exposure to these forms of violence has a high potential for being perceived as life-threatening by those who are victims, leaving them with feelings of vulnerability, helplessness, and, in extreme cases, horror.
Physical abuse is defined by Dutton (1992) as any behavior that involves the intentional use of force against another person’s body that risks physical injury, harm, or pain. Pushing, hitting, slapping, choking, using an object to hit, twisting a body part, forcing the ingestion of an unwanted substance, and using a weapon are all examples.
Sexual abuse, according to Dutton (1994), is any unwanted sexual intimacy forced on an individual by another. Oral anal or vaginal stimulation or penetration, forced nudity, and forced exposure to sexually explicit material or activity are all examples.
Actual or threatened physical force, or some other form of coercion, may be used to obtain compliance. Psychological abuse can include derogatory statements or the threat of death by another person. Isolation, economic threats, and emotional abuse may also be involved.
Domestic violence, according to Straus and Gelles (1990), is widespread and affects all socioeconomic groups. According to a national survey of over 6000 American families, between 53% and 70% of male batterers also frequently abuse their children. Domestic violence is one of the least reported crimes in the United States, with the Department of Justice estimating in 1998 that there are between 960000 and four million domestic incidents per year.
According to the Bureau of Justice Statistics, approximately 92 percent of domestic violence cases involved female victims in 1994. Domestic violence threatens many Kenyan families and is unfortunately on the rise in our society, according to Wopadovi (women against domestic violence). Domestic violence has injured, disabled, and killed many people, the vast majority of whom are women.
Following recent events in which domestic violence has become rampant and daily reports of deaths of spouses and lovers as a result of domestic violence, it has become a high priority that domestic violence is a threat that must be addressed as soon as possible and with the seriousness that it deserves. Wopadovi goes on to say that domestic violence has no regard for social classes or educational levels. According to Wikipedia (2004), domestic violence is a problem in many parts of Africa.
Academic performance is an important factor in determining student success. Academic performance is an unavoidable concept in any formal educational institution. It expresses an individual’s or a group’s learning achievement at the end of an academic program. It is a criterion for determining a student’s capability to assimilate, retain, recall, and communicate his knowledge of what has been learned (joe, Kpolovie, Osonwa and iderima 2014).
This concept’s meaning is closely related to academic achievement and academic attainment. Academic performance is defined as knowledge gained or skills developed in a school subject, as measured by test scores or marks assigned by the teacher, or both. According to these definitions, academic performance is an observed and measured aspect of a student’s mastery of skill(s) or subject matter (s).
According to Singh (2010), academic performance is one of the three required aspects of a properly composed learning objective, and it denotes a learner’s attainment in properly stated behavioral objectives. Meanwhile, poor academic performance of secondary school students has been influenced by a variety of factors, including domestic violence.
Domestic violence is a factor that is the foundation for children’s development; therefore, in terms of family problems, the socioeconomic status of the family plays an important role in students’ educational achievements. The home has a significant impact on a child’s psychological, emotional, social, and economic well-being.
This is because domestic violence affects the child’s reaction to life situations as well as his level of performance. Domestic violence factors are linked to academic success, as these factors can have a significant impact on young children’s cognitive abilities.
Disadvantaged children (children from low-income families who face a higher number of domestic violence factors) begin school with significantly lower cognitive skills than their more advantaged peers (Sharma, Basad and Gupta 2015). Physical abuse, according to Dutton (2012), is any behavior that involves the intentional use of force against another person’s body that risks physical injury, harm, or pain.
Pushing, hitting, slapping, choking, using an object to hit, twisting a body, forcing the ingestion of an unwanted substance, and the use of a weapon are all examples. He further defines sexual abuse as any unwanted sexual intimacy forced on an individual by another as a form of domestic violence.
Oral anal or vaginal stimulation or penetration, forced nudity, and forced exposure to sexually explicit material or activity are all examples. Actual or threatened physical force, or some other form of coercion, may be used to obtain compliance.
Domestic violence threatens many Nigerian families and, sadly, is on the rise in our society. Domestic violence has injured, disabled, and killed many people, the vast majority of whom are children. Following recent events involving domestic violence, it has become a high priority that domestic violence is a threat that must be addressed as soon as possible and with all seriousness that it deserves.
It was also stated that domestic violence does not respect social classes or educational levels (Wopadovi,2014). Domestic violence is gaining national and international attention, and it is a type of violence that occurs in many homes around the world. It is a form of defilement, assault, sexual harassment, and rape or battering, child abuse, such as denial of rights, necessities, and opportunities, and threatening communication patterns such as insults, harassment, and neglectful lack of action.
Amnesty International defines domestic violence as the most violent attacks on an individual, a group of people, or a woman. It includes physical, sexual, and psychological violence in the family, such as battering, sexual abuse of female household children, dowry-related violence, marital rape, female genital mutilation, and other traditional practices that are harmful to any member of the household. Domestic violence can be perpetrated by any member of the family (Sharma, Basad and Gupta 2015).
Domestic Abuse
Domestic violence has become more widely acknowledged in society over the last two decades. Furthermore, it has become clear that some people are more vulnerable to victimization than others. Domestic violence has a negative impact on individuals, families, and society as a whole. Domestic violence, according to Ganley (1989), includes physical abuse, sexual abuse, psychological abuse, and abuse of property and pets.
According to him, exposure to these forms of violence has a high potential for being perceived as life-threatening by those who are victims, leaving them with feelings of vulnerability, helplessness, and, in extreme cases, horror. Physical abuse is defined by Dutton (1992) as any behavior that involves the intentional use of force against another person’s body that risks physical injury, harm, or pain.
Pushing, hitting, slapping, choking, using an object to hit, twisting a body part, forcing the ingestion of an unwanted substance, and using a weapon are all examples. Sexual abuse, according to Dutton (1994), is any unwanted sexual intimacy forced on one person by another. Oral anal or vaginal stimulation or penetration, forced nudity, and forced exposure to sexually explicit material or activity are all examples.
Actual or threatened physical force, or some other form of coercion, may be used to obtain compliance. Psychological abuse can include derogatory statements or the threat of death by another person. Isolation, economic threats, and emotional abuse may also be involved.
Domestic violence, according to Straus and Gelles (1990), is widespread and affects all socioeconomic groups. According to a national survey of over 6000 American families, between 53% and 70% of male batterers also frequently abuse their children. According to CWP (1995), women who have been hit by their husbands are twice as likely as other women to abuse a child.
Carlson observes that over three million children are at risk of being exposed to parental violence each year (1984). According to Mackay (1994), children from homes where domestic violence occurs are physically or sexually abused and/or seriously neglected at a rate that is 15 times higher than the national average. According to Regier and Cowdry (1995), 1 in 5 female children and 1 in 10 male children may have experienced sexual molestation.
Domestic violence is responsible for approximately 50% of homicides and 92 percent of murder-suicides in New Hampshire, according to statistics from the governors’ commission (2012). Domestic violence, according to Representative Shannon Chandley, an Amherst Democrat, is a pattern that usually escalates without intervention.
According to the US Department of Justice, children are victimized at a higher rate than adults, regardless of race or social class. Some children in that country are also subjected to daily violence, which can have long-term psychological consequences. Gabby Gifford (2014) advocates for congregational actions against domestic violence and legislative changes such as denying people facing domestic violence restraining orders the right to own firearms.
Do You Have New or Fresh Topic? Send Us Your Topic
DOMESTIC VIOLENCE’S EFFECT ON ADOLESCENT ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE