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THE EFFECT IMPACT OF PHYSICAL PLANNING ON RURAL DEVELOPMENT IN ULI LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF ANAMBRA STATE
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Everybody plans to achieve objective therefore planning is rational, goal oriented, future oriented and action oriented. Physical
planning which is the process of facilitating decision making to carry out development, a careful thought should be given to the natural
environmental, social, economic, and political; governance factors and providing an alternative frame work to achieve sustainable
outcomes. This concept of physical planning has been described as a process aimed at achieving orderly physical development with the
overall aim of evolving a functional and live able environment where individual and common goals can be achieved. Physical planning in
rural areas is to ensure that rural activities are organized and developed in physical space with due consideration for the protection of the
public interest which include health, safety, efficiency, energy conservation, convenience, social equity, social choice, environmental
quality and amenity which are also features of sustainable development. The objective of the United Nations Conference on Environment
and Development (1992) programme which included sustainable land use planning was to provide for the land requirements of human
settlement growth through environmentally sound physical planning so as to ensure access to land to all households in the required area.
Oyesiku (2009) argued that planning practice in Nigeria was not creating spatially sustainable new settlement and cites because planning is
like preventative medicine whereas professional planners in the country have spent the last generation focusing on curative medicine.
Physical planning concerns itself with the decision making processes where they are required for managing relationships that exist within
and between natural systems and human systems. Physical planning endeavours to manage these processes in an effective, orderly,
transparent and equitable manner for the benefit of all constituents within such systems for the present and for the future. Present day
physical planning practices are the result of continuous refinement and expansion of the scope of such decision making processes. Some of
the main elements of present day physical planning are:
Social & economic development
Rural/Urban development
Regional development
Natural resource management & integrated land use
Infrastructure systems
Governance frameworks
The assessment of physical planning encompass areas such as land use, socio economics, transportation, economic and housing
characteristics, air pollution, noise pollution, the wetlands, habitat of the endangered species, flood zones susceptibility, coastal zones
erosion, and visual studies among others, and is referred to as an Integrated physical planning assessment. The underlying value system
has essentially been an economic market model. Ogu and Adeniji (2011) observe that the extent to which human communities both urban
and rural, but particularly the urban, are sustainable may well depend on the management of such settlements. Physical planning is a key
component of rural/urban management. Rural sustainability is directly influenced by land use controls which ensure efficient use is made of
rural land and the acquisition and development of land is the basis of physical growth. The argument on physical planning has brought to
the fore the question of physical and socioeconomic development in rural areas as majority of the rural areas fall under customary land.
Closely tied to this debate are the issues of planning and the role it plays in ensuring poverty eradication and sustainable rural
development. Poverty is most prevalent in rural areas where infrastructure is either inadequate or unavailable. The poor make up around
70% of total population and 80% of its rural population in Nigeria (Diangamo, 2013). The result of untold poverty levels in rural areas has
been the migration of rural dwellers to urban areas with the hope of employment and generally a better life which has created multiple
effects. When these people that migrated from the rural settlements cannot afford decent shelter, they create shelter for themselves with
their own initiatives and within their own resources. Poor quality housing, lack of or inadequate health facilities, few schools, poor road and
transport networks, poor functioning markets characterize Nigeria rural areas. Considering that setting up of such necessary infrastructure
needs financial, physical as well and human resources in the man’s quest for socio-economic development and better quality of life,
conditions obtaining in Nigeria, especially rural areas, for sustainable development are to a large extent lacking (Mukalula, 2010). It is time
to discuss planning and rural development in Nigeria in regional perspective. Although there is no regional development policy, the regional
structure of Nigeria is an important factor in everyday decisions of the government and citizens. The system of government is the result of
regional differences, which are rooted in geographical and historical facts and are moulded by economic, social and cultural forces.
Regional problems and disparities are the preoccupation of these levels of government. The causes and effects of regional disequilibrium
constitute an important area of study – for example, unemployment, growth-rates, income, migration and rural development. This research
will be restricted to the development of rural areas and planning at a very minimal level.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Rural areas in Nigeria, over the years, have been observed to have suffered from utter neglect (Mabogunje, 2014) and exhibit what has been
aptly described as 3Ds namely: depression, degradation and deprivation. The colonial administrators consistently adopted a nonchalant,
yet exploitative attitude towards rural development through neglect, through meagre budget allocation to rural sector and through failure
to provide rural amenities and facilities (Falade 2011). Viewed against the background of the fact that rural areas in Nigeria provides jobs for
over 70% of the population and accounted for 84% of the Nation’s GDP at independence and about 60% as at 1965, the neglect suffered by
the rural areas is pathetic and inexcusable. The process of rural development is one that has been given some priority by governments at all
levels – Federal, State and Local – in Nigeria especially from the early 1970s when increased public revenue from crude oil enabled the
government to increase public spending substantially. Until the seventies, efforts at rural development planning focused on the agricultural
sector, particularly cash crops. The aim was to generate surpluses for export in order to support investment in infrastructural development
and financing manufacturing
1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The major purpose of this study is to examine the effect/impact of physical planning or rural development. Other general objectives of the
study are:
To examine how to achieve sustainable rural development in Uli L.G.ATo examine the Challenges of achieving sustainable development in rural communitiesTo examine the impact of physical planning on rural development in Uli L.G.A.To examine the role of physical planning in the development of rural communities in Uli L.G.A.To examine the relationship between physical planning and rural development in Uli L.G.ATo examine the solution to the challenges faced in achieving sustainable development in rural communities in Uli L.G.A.
1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
In what ways can sustainable development be achieved in Uli L.G.AWhat are the Challenges of achieving sustainable development in rural communities?Is there a significant impact of physical planning on rural development in Uli L.G.A?What are the roles of physical planning in the development of rural communities in Uli L.G.A?What is the relationship between physical planning and rural development in Uli L.G.A?What are the solutions to the challenges faced in achieving sustainable development in rural communities in Uli L.G.A?
1.5 RESEARCH HYPOTHESES
Hypothesis 1
H0: There is no significant impact of physical planning on rural development in Uli L.G.A.
H1: There is a significant impact of physical planning on rural development in Uli L.G.A.
Hypothesis 2
H0: There is no significant relationship between physical planning and rural development in Uli L.G.A.
H1: There is a significant relationship between physical planning and rural development in Uli L.G.A.
1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
Rural development need to be looked into closely with relevant environmental objectives and targets if they are to effectively progress
towards physical planning. This study seeks to draw attention to rural environment for planning and development.
There are many people that will benefit from this research. Both the young and the old will gain a lot of things from this work. This research
will be of advantage to everybody in the community because the knowledge of how to provide solution to community’s problems will be
acquired. The knowledge of physical planning, role they played in community building and development will be known. The research is
organized in such a way that will highlight the role played by the government in community development.
1.7 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The study focuses on the effect/impact of physical planning on rural development using Uli Local Government Area of Anambra as a case
study.
1.8 LIMITATION OF STUDY
Financial constraint- Insufficient fund tends to impede the efficiency of the researcher in sourcing for the relevant materials, literature or
information and in the process of data collection (internet, questionnaire and interview).
Time constraint- The researcher will simultaneously engage in this study with other academic work. This consequently will cut down on
the time devoted for the research work.
THE EFFECT IMPACT OF PHYSICAL PLANNING ON RURAL DEVELOPMENT IN ULI LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF ANAMBRA STATE
THE EFFECT IMPACT OF PHYSICAL PLANNING ON RURAL DEVELOPMENT IN ULI LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF ANAMBRA STATE
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