Effect Of Rural Urban Migration On Agricultural Production In Nigeria
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Effect Of Rural Urban Migration On Agricultural Production In Nigeria
Chapter one
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
Human migration is the movement of people from one place to another with the goal of settling in a new location, either permanently or temporarily (geographic region). Internal migration (inside a single country) is the most common form of human migration worldwide. [World Migration Report, 2020].
Migratory activity is usually associated with increased human capital at both the individual and household levels, as well as improved access to migration networks. ‘
People can move as individuals, families, or big groups.[migration country-wise, 2015]. The four basic types of movement are invasion, conquest, colonisation, and emigration/immigration.[Caves, 2004].People who are compelled to leave their homes due to a natural disaster or civil disturbance may migrate as individuals, family units, or huge groups.
If the reason for leaving the home country is political, religious, or other forms of persecution, a person seeking refuge in another country may file a formal application with the country where protection is sought, and is referred to as an asylum seeker.
If the application is approved, the individual’s legal status will be changed to refugee. [Migration administration has become inextricably tied with national sovereignty in recent years.
Because migration has a direct impact on certain of a state’s distinguishing traits, states retain the ability to decide whether non-nationals can enter and stay.
Agriculture refers to the process of raising plants and animals. Agriculture had a significant role in the rise of sedentary human civilisation because it enabled humans to live in cities by producing food surpluses from domesticated animals.
Agriculture has a lengthy history, extending back thousands of years. The subject of rural-urban migration and its impact on agricultural growth, like other social change and development issues, is difficult. One thing is certain:
the phenomena of rural-urban migration is driven by continuous imbalance in the allocation of social and economic infrastructure in rural and urban regions, including piped water, good roads, power, health facilities, and industries, among other things.
This has been around since the colonial era. According to Braun (2004), people are drawn to successful regions and driven away from failed ones. Migrants are often more concerned with the benefits they hope to gain by migrating than with the challenges they will face as a result of the relocation process. Migration is a natural and long-standing aspect of human existence.
However, its pattern has changed considerably over time, from the search for space in the Middle Ages to overpopulation in major cities (rural-to-urban migration) in the modern era, particularly in the last century.
Natural resources that can be used for socioeconomic development abound in Nigeria, particularly in the rural areas. Nigeria, by chance, has a significant proportion of both the rural sector and the rural population, which is typical of rising economies (Akande, 2002).
The widespread participation of people in agriculture is the greatest distinctive aspect of Nigeria’s rural areas. Agriculture, after oil, is the most important economic sector in terms of contribution to the national GDP.
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