EFFECT OF VANDALIZATION ON SOCIO ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT
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EFFECT OF VANDALIZATION ON SOCIO ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT
CHAPITRE ONE
INTRODUCTION
Background of The study
In the 1960s and 1970s, Nigeria was characterised by excellent governance and the notion of sustainable management of human and material resources, which made up governed to experience. Improved social and economic conditions that have been linked to the low cost of energy products such as petroleum and electricity.
However, in the energy 80’s and up to the present day, the services of government that has piloted the affairs of this great nation (Nigeria), even those that have failed to realise that energy products such as petroleum and electricity products are the mainstay of the entire citizenry of the country,
this is evident in the level of mal-administration which has been recorded in the energy sector in recent times, thereby making the cost of these products to be above the reach of the and us.
Nigeria is Africa’s largest oil producer and the world’s eighth largest producer; the petroleum sector is the backbone of the Nigerian economy. The Niger Delta region has an area of approximately twenty-eight thousand square kilometres, and it boasts meandering waterways as one of its attractions.
A major portion of the area is made up of salt water. The swamp areas of the fresh water further inland have limited agricultural prospects; the region received its name (Niger Delta) from its location near the mouth of the River Niger,
which dates back to the early 15th century. The region’s people include the Ijaws (the area’s largest ethnic group), Itsekiri, Urohobos, Efiks, Ibibios, and other smaller ethnic groups.
Prior to the establishment of the Nigerian state, the Niger Delta’s economic activities were mostly focused on the export of salt and fish to its hinterlands. When the slave trade was at its apex in the 18th century, the region was West Africa’s largest slave exporting location, which was aided by its proximity to the sea.
When the slave trade declined in the nineteenth century, however, slave merchants diverted the palm oil trade. Nigeria was founded during the colonial era, with the Niger Delta located in the country’s southern-eastern region. As of 1975, three states were included in the region, namely Rivers, Bendel, and Cross River states, with two Igbo states, Anambra and Imo, as the hinterland.
Following the creation of more states and a redefinition of the areas to be included in the Niger Delta states were Abia, AkwaIbom, Bayelsa, Cross River, Delta, Edo, Imo, Ondo, and Rivers state.
Nigeria discovered a huge crude oil reserve in the Niger Delta region in 1956. By 1958, Shell DArcy had discovered crude oil in twelve sites in the region, the most promising of which were Oloibiri, Afam, and Bonu.
Oloibiri began producing oil in early 1958 at a rate of 3,000 barrels per day (Ekpu, 2009). Since then, massive reserves of crude petroleum oil have been discovered both on and offshore in several sections of the Niger Delta region, as well as further eastwards towards the Ohaji and Egbema axis.
Nigeria’s proved oil reserves were estimated to be 13.5 billion barrels in 1997. However, the estimated recoverable oil in the region was assessed at 22.5 billion barrels of oil from a total of 164 blocks (Inyang, 2004).
However, in 2015, Nigeria was ranked as the world’s tenth largest oil producer, with proven oil reserves of approximately 36 billion barrels and gas reserves of approximately 185 trillion cubic feet (TCF), among other things (Johnson, 2015).
It should be mentioned that crude petroleum oil was discovered further inland along the Anambra River plain, and production began under the auspices of Orient Petroleum. As a result, Anambra state has joined the prestigious list of oil-producing states in the country.
Nigeria was said to have devised a strategy in February 2016 to sustain crude oil production at 2.2 million barrels per day. The federal budget for 2016 was said to be based on this level of crude oil output.
Thus, Dr. IbeKachikwu, Minister of State for Petroleum Resources and Group Managing Director of Nigeria National Petroleum Corporation, NNPC, was said to have confirmed that the country’s oil production would be 2.2 million barrels per day in February 2016.
He was also quoted as saying that the country would continue to strive to boost crude oil output in order to meet domestic demand rather than sell it on the foreign market. He was quoted as saying that Nigeria has a high local demand for refined petroleum products, and that the demand for the four domestic refineries was at least 500, 000 barrels of crude oil per day (See Okoromadu, 2016).
Furthermore, as a result of the nation’s abundance in this sector, the masses chose to engage on vandalism as a solution to their energy crisis. Our primary emphasis for this research is Kwara state.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
The current research study addresses the following issues. First, there are issues with ineffective government or administration in managing the energy sector. Second, there are issues with vandals who are unaware of the risks associated with vandalism.
Third, there are issues with illegally high energy prices. In addition, the research work discusses the challenges of testable economy caused by vandalism. Finally, there is the issue of diminished GDP as a result of a bigger percentage of national income being lost owing to vandalism.
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
The study’s aims are as follows:
to learn about the risks linked with vandalism
Determine the relationship between vandalism and a nation’s socioeconomic progress.
to learn how much money is wasted each year due to vandalism
RESEARCH HYPOTHESES
The following hypothesis will be tested by the researcher:
1st Hypothesis:
There are no risks linked with vandalism, according to Ho.
Hello, there are risks involved with vandalism.
Hypothesis number two:
Ho: there is no association between vandalism and a country’s socioeconomic progress.
Hello, there is a connection between vandalism and a nation’s socioeconomic progress.
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The current study is significant in the following ways:
It will aid in the reduction of vandalism.
It will contribute to the country’s accelerated socioeconomic growth iii. It is significant in terms of revealing the risks associated with vandalism, particularly the threat of loss of life.
The study promotes better public-private collaboration to decrease vandalism.
Finally, to ensure long-term economic growth, GDP should be increased.
1.6 SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS OF STUDY
The study’s scope includes The influence of vandalism on socioeconomic development in kwara state. The researcher comes upon a constraint that limits the scope of the investigation;
a) RESEARCH MATERIAL AVAILABILITY: The researcher’s research material is insufficient, restricting the scope of the investigation.
b) TIME: The study’s time frame does not allow for broader coverage because the researcher must balance other academic activities and examinations with the study.
Finance: The costs of photocopying, typing, and moving from one location to another to obtain information are significant. Financial difficulties not only hampered movement but also drained one’s desire for studying.
DEFINITION OF TERMS
The following terms were selected and defined adequately during the course of the study work: energy vandals vandalization Maladministration in government policies, partnership in the commercial sector, and so on.
Energy is the driving force generated by the consumption or use of electricity and petroleum products.
Vandals are those who commit acts of vandalism against energy installations.
iii. Vandalism: This is the process of damaging our energy infrastructure, resulting in a scarcity of energy products.
iv. Socioeconomic: The mix of social and economic activity to achieve long-term national growth.
Development is the meaningful and long-term progress that a country makes.
Maladministration: This is a condition in which the nation’s resources are not being managed properly.
vii. Government: This is the mechanism that is set up to govern a country’s affairs.
viii. Policy: The decision made by the government in the execution of their intentions.
Partnership: This is the relationship that exists between the public and private sectors and produces dividends.
The public sector is the part of the economy that is managed by the government.
The private sector is the part of the economy that is controlled by individuals.
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