EFFECTS OF QUAIL (COTURNIX JAPONICA)EGGDIET ON BLOOD SUGAR AND LIPID PROFILELEVELS OF ALLOXAN INDUCED DIABETIC ALBINO RATS

EFFECTS OF QUAIL (COTURNIX JAPONICA)EGGDIET ON BLOOD SUGAR AND LIPID PROFILELEVELS OF ALLOXAN INDUCED DIABETIC ALBINO RATS

ABSTRACT

Eggs are a popular source of nutrition, but the chicken egg, which is normally unfertilised, is the most commonly consumed by humans. Quail eggs have been shown to help treat tuberculosis, asthma, and diabetes, as well as prevent kidney, liver, and gallbladder stones. Thus, the purpose of this study is to determine the dietary effect of quail eggs on the blood sugar and lipid profiles of alloxan-induced diabetic rats. The nutritional composition of the quail egg sample was determined using methods developed by the Association of Official Analytic Chemists (AOAC). Sixty (60) cooked-dry processed quail eggs and shells were administered to thirty-six (36) alloxan-induced diabetic rats, which were divided into nine (9) different groups of four (4) rats each, at varying doses for seven (7), fourteen (14) and twenty one (21) days. Their lipid profiles were determined using normal procedures, and histological studies were performed using the usual paraffin process (tissue processing method). Quail eggs have a high protein, lipid, and moisture content (15.10±0.16%, 31.39±0.26%, and 50.18±0.25%, respectively). However, the ash and carbohydrate content are modest (1.13±0.09% and 0.65±0.05%, respectively). Elemental analysis shows that the shell contains a high concentration of calcium (3000.00mg/100g), zinc (38.15mg/100g), iron (175.40mg/100g), phosphorus (120.00mg/100g), and magnesium (78.00mg/100g). When compared to insulin-treated rats, rats treated with two (2) raw quail eggs (2RE) performed best in terms of blood glucose level reduction and weight gain. Statistical examination of blood glucose levels at intervals (days 7, 14, and 21) shows that quail eggs can be used to treat diabetes in the medium and long term. Quail egg treatment did not improve diabetic rats’ blood lipid profiles, however it can lessen or reduce the risk of diabetic dyslipidaemia. It has been determined that consuming magnesium and leucine-rich diets, such as the quail egg diet, either alone or as part of a treatment regimen, can help prevent and control type 1 diabetes.

Chapter one

INTRODUCTION

Good nutrition influences the growth and development of the human body. Nutritional composition studies has demonstrated that eating a well-balanced diet can benefit human health.

A diverse diet, including vegetables, fruits, grains, and protein, is necessary to provide the full spectrum of nutrients required for optimal health.

A healthy balance of calories, protein, fat, carbs, vitamins, and minerals offers energy and a diverse range of nutrients for growing children and working adults.

Foods heavy in fat, sugar, or salt should be consumed in moderation because they do not supply essential nutrients. Both the Child and Adult Care Program (CACFP) meal pattern and the Pyramid Web site from the United States Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutrition Service promote a diverse diet.

Eggs are a popular source of nutrition, but the chicken egg, which is normally unfertilised, is the most commonly consumed by humans (Applegate, 2000).

The avian egg is a vital source of nutrients because it contains the proteins, lipids, vitamins, minerals, and growth factors needed for the developing embryo, as well as a number of defence components that defend against bacterial and viral infection.’

Furthermore, eggs contain substances with biological functions and activities, i.e. immune proteins, enzymes, etc. (Hansen et al., 1998; Nowaczewski et al.,2013), characterised by anti-adhesive and antioxidant properties

antimicrobial activities, immunomodulatory, anticancer, and antihypertensive activities, protease inhibitors, nutrient bioavailability, and functional lipids, highlighting the importance of egg and egg components in human health and disease prevention.