EFFECTS OF SOLID WASTE TO BUSINESS ENVIRONMENTS IN NIGERIA
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EFFECTS OF SOLID WASTE TO BUSINESS ENVIRONMENTS IN NIGERIA
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
Solid wastes are all wastes generated by human and animal activities that are typically solid and thrown as worthless or unwanted. Also included are byproducts of process lines or materials that may be required by law to be disposed of (Okecha 2000). Solid waste can be classed in a variety of ways, including source, environmental risk, utility, and physical property.
Solid wastes are further classed according to their source: municipal solid wastes, industrial solid wastes, and agricultural solid wastes. Nigeria’s largest urban areas are currently trying to remove rising piles of solid garbage from their surroundings.
These vital hubs of beauty, tranquilly, and security are being supplanted by the chaotic character of overflowing dumps and neglected heaps of solid garbage originating from residential or domestic or kitchen sources, markets, retail and business areas.
City officials appear unable to combat the illegal and haphazard dumping of hazardous commercial and industrial trash, which is an obvious violation of our environmental sanitation laws, rules, and regulations.
Refuse generation and its potential implications on health, environmental quality, and the urban landscape have emerged as critical national issues in Nigeria. All stakeholders interested in the safety and beautification of our environment have come to realise the detrimental repercussions of uncleared solid human wastes.
They can be found throughout our cities’ residential neighbourhoods, markets, schools, and key commercial districts. These solid wastes have grown commonplace in our urban landscape.
It is no longer in dispute that Nigerian cities face the issues of uncleared solid waste. As a result, urban residents are frequently confronted with the potentially harmful influence on their collective health and safety.
A United Nations report (August 2004) stated with sorrow that, while developing nations are improving access to safe drinking water, they are lagging behind on sanitation goals.
At one of its summits in 2000 (Uwaegbelun 2004), it was revealed that the World Health Organisation (WHO 2004) and the United Nations International Children’s Education Fund (UNICEF 2004) jointly reported in August 2004 that “about 2.4 billion people will likely face the risk of needless disease and death by the target of 2015 due to poor sanitation.”
The research also stated that poor sanitation, including a decaying or non-existent sewage system and toilets, contributes to the development of diseases such as cholera and fundamental illnesses such as diarrhoea, which kills a child every 21 seconds.
The rural poor and residents of slum regions in rapidly rising cities, primarily in Africa and Asia, are the most vulnerable to poor sanitation. The “Earth Summit” of 1992 was successful in raising global awareness of the importance of achieving environmentally sustainable development.
The Summit argued that if we know enough to act now, we must also find answers to many difficult philosophical and technical concerns that have remained unanswered over time.
It confirms that if growing urbanisation in developing countries is not addressed, it might endanger health, the environment, and urban productivity.
Cities are economic growth engines, but their environmental effects must be adequately recognised and managed. The critical and most pressing issues confronting developing countries and their cities are the health consequences of urban pollution caused by inadequate water services, poor urban and industrial waste management, and air pollution, particularly from particulates, which are a component of solid waste.
One of Nigeria’s most urgent environmental and public health challenges is solid waste generation and disposal. The challenge of solid waste management is historical in nature, as man’s existence is intrinsically related to trash generation.
The problem is becoming intractable as many cities in developing countries struggle to keep up with urbanisation, pollution, and the growing amount of rubbish generated as a result of changing lifestyles and consumption habits.
The mountainous heaps of solid waste that deface Nigerian cities, as well as the continuous discharge of industrial contaminants into streams and rivers without treatment, prompted Nigeria’s federal government to issue Decree 58, which established the Federal Environmental Protection Agency (FEPA), on December 30, 1988.
A national environmental policy was developed, with the following goals: to ensure that all Nigerians have an environment that is adequate for their health and well-being; to raise public awareness and promote understanding of the critical linkages between the environment and development; and to encourage individual and community participation in environmental protection and improvement efforts (FEPA 1989).
The specific actions desired in the solid waste sector include the collection and disposal of solid waste in an environmentally safe manner; the establishment and enforcement of laws, regulations, and standards; the encouragement of public participation; environmental monitoring; and the imposition of penalties on defaulters to encourage compliance.
Despite the creation of FEPA and a national environmental policy, the environment has not received enough protection. The focus is mostly on aesthetics, which is rarely realised (Agunwanba 1998).
Waste collection is inconsistent and limited to major cities. Improperly located open dumps deface various cities, compromising public health by promoting the spread of odours and infections, uncontrolled recycling of polluted items, and water contamination (Adegoke 1989, Singh 1998).
Unfortunately, there appears to be a surrender to the never-ending accumulation of solid waste by the competent authorities, if such bodies exist at all.
However, in response to the unavoidable environmental consequences of delays in solid waste pickup, the federal government, for example, implemented monthly environmental sanitation in the early 1970s. States and local governments were expected to follow suit and develop their own solid waste management (SWM) programs based on the unique characteristics of their own environments.
In the process of reducing urban solid wastes, each state established Wastes Management Boards (WMB) to address the occurrence of wastes and their risks to society as a whole.
While the harmful components of abandoned solid waste can be minimised, the more avoidable features such as clogged drains, traffic impedance, and flooding have yet to be adequately addressed. Business Environments
One recurring aspect in trash accumulation and the resulting environmental degradation scenarios is the high cost or capital demanding nature of its remediation, as well as addressing the solid waste threat.
It takes a significant amount of financial and human capital to reduce and seek to eliminate the negative consequences of exposed and untreated solid waste in our metropolitan areas. Business Environments
1.2 Statement of the Problem
As a result of rising urbanisation and rare environmental sanitation activities, urban inhabitants discard solid trash indiscriminately or haphazardly, wherever they see fit.
Such divisive inclinations and characteristics would appear unfathomable if we wanted to live in beautiful places. Some of the country’s lagoon front has been turned into a dump for human and other solid waste.
Trucks loaded with faeces queue in vast numbers to discharge their cargo into the lagoon (Njoku 2006. Environmental specialists believe that this practice has serious consequences.
The failure of competent agencies to halt the tide of reckless garbage dumping and littering on Nigerian city infrastructure (streets and roads) and adjacent bushes demonstrates a clear pattern of non-enforcement or non-implementation of existing environmental sanitation legislation.
Irregular and unplanned dumping of solid wastes, particularly at night, which is frequently in flagrant violation of key rules and regulations, continues to impede plan preparation and proper land use delineation, which were intended to usher in a beautiful, clean, and orderly environment.
As a result, there is still a significant gap between policy formulation, execution, and implementation, exacerbating the problem of solid waste management in Nigerian cities and necessitating the researcher’s evaluation of solid waste management issues in Nigeria.
1.3 Objectives of the Study
The following are the objectives of this investigation.
1. Assess the difficulties with solid waste management in Nigeria.
2. Investigate the effects of poor solid waste management in Nigeria.
3. Identify the strategies used in solid waste management in Nigeria.
1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS.
1. What are the challenges with solid waste management in Nigeria?
2. What are the repercussions of ineffective solid waste management in Nigeria?
3. What measures have been used for solid waste management in Nigeria?
1.5 Hypothesis.
HO: Nigeria’s solid waste management has proven ineffective.
HA: Nigeria has an effective solid waste management system.
1.6 Significance of the Study
The following are the implications of this study:
1. The purpose of this study is to educate the general public, environmental management stakeholders, students, government officials, and policymakers about the problems of solid waste management, with a focus on Nigeria, in order to identify management strategies to combat the menace associated with poor solid waste management.
2. This research will also serve as a resource base for future academics and researchers interested in conducting additional research in this sector, and if implemented, will go so far as to provide new explanations for the topic.
1.7 Scope and limitations of the study
This study on the examination of difficulties in solid waste management in Nigeria will address all aspects of Nigeria’s solid waste management system. It will address Nigerians’ attitudes on solid waste management, policy, and the regulatory framework.
Limitations of the study
Financial constraints- Insufficient funds tend to restrict the researcher’s efficiency in accessing relevant resources, literature, or information, as well as in data collecting (internet, questionnaire, and interview).
Time constraints: The researcher will conduct this investigation while also working on other academic projects. This will reduce the amount of time spent on research.
1.8 Definition of Terms
Solid waste refers to any garbage, refuse, sludge from a wastewater treatment plant, water supply treatment plant, or air pollution control facility, as well as other discarded materials such as solid, liquid, semi-solid, or contained gaseous material resulting from industrial, commercial, mining, and agricultural operations.
Pollution is the presence or introduction of a substance into the environment that causes harm or poisoning.
The environment is the setting or conditions in which a person, animal, or plant lives or operates.
Management is the process of interacting with or controlling objects or people. Business Environments
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