ENGINEERING CHARACTERISTICS OF GNEISS-DERIVED LATERITIC SOIL AT KM 4 ALONG OLOGUNERU-ELEYELE, IBADAN RD, SOUTHWESTERN NIGERIA
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Front page i
Certification ii
Dedication iii
Acknowledgement iv-v
Abstract vi
Table of contents vii-ix
List of Figures x
List of Tables xi
CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION
General statement……………………………………………………………………………………….. 1Objectives of the study…………………………………………………………………………………. 2Scope of study……………………………………………………………………………………………… 3Location and accessibility……………………………………………………………………………… 3Climate………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 3Vegetation…………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 5Physiography……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 5Drainage……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 5Previous work done………………………………………………………………………………………. 6
CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW
CHAPTER THREE METHODOLOGY
Hydrometer test
CHAPTER FOUR
Results and Interpretation………………………………………………………………………….. 41
CHAPTER FIVE
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Conclusion………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 52
Recommendation……………………………………………………………………………………….. 53
REFRENCES APPENDIXLIST OF FIGURES
Figures Pages
1: Topography map of Ibadan showing the study area…………………………………… 4
: Map of Nigeria showing the Geology of Nigeria…………………………………………. 9: Basement Geology of Nigeria…………………………………………………………………. 11: Geologic Map of the study area……………………………………………………………… 24
3: Sample collection on the Field…………………………………………………………………… 33
4: Diagram showing a typical CBR equipment……………………………………………….. 40
5: Graph of particle size analysis JA………………………………………………………………. 43
6: Graph of Particle size analysis JB………………………………………………………………. 45
7: Graph of Particle size analysis JC……………………………………………………………….. 47
CHAPTER ONE
Introduction
The understanding of soil behavior in solving engineering and environmental issues such as swelling of the soil, especially expansive lateritic soils that can cause significant damage to road construction and other engineering application, is the sole aim of geotechnical engineering (Abubakar, 2006; Oke and Amadi, 2008).
One of the major causes of road accident is bad road which is usually caused by wrong application of constructional materials especially laterite as subgrade or sub-base material by construction companies (Oke et al., 2009).
For a material to be used as either subgrade or sub-base course, depends on its strength in transmitting the axle-load to the sub-soil and or sub-grade (the mechanical interlock). The characteristics and durability of any constructional material is a function of its efficiency in response to the load applied on it (Oke et al., 2009b;
Nwankwoala and Amadi, 2013). The mineralogical composition of the lateritic soil has an influence on the geotechnical parameters such as specific gravity, shear strength, swelling/expansion, CBR( California bearing ratio), Atterberg limits, compatiblity and petrographic properties (Amadi et al., 2012).
However, it has been observed for a long time that classification systems fail to accurately predict the engineering behavior of laterites and lateritic soils of which the reason for this failure is the variation in plasticity and gradation characteristics of these soils resulting from sample preparation and handling which disrupt the natural structure of the soils.
Therefore, engineering properties of laterites and lateritic soils are not reproducible. In order to avoid such difficulties, many authors have advocated a classification of laterites and lateritic soils for engineering purposes, based on parent material and degree of weathering.
The degree to which the parent rocks may weather to laterite depends on other factors such as the weathering ability of the parent rocks, degree of permeability of the soil, climate, local topography, drainage condition, vegetation, time and the pH value of the environmen
Since these factors vary from place to place, it is obvious that the distribution of soils will be determined in a complex manner by the distribution of the influence of the soil forming factors. Laterization process consists of the breaking down of the bases (either in the solution or suspension) and the redeposition of the remaining OH+ of Al²+, Fe²+ and Ti²+ (Fagoyingbo, 2016).
ENGINEERING CHARACTERISTICS OF GNEISS-DERIVED LATERITIC SOIL AT KM 4 ALONG OLOGUNERU-ELEYELE, IBADAN RD, SOUTHWESTERN NIGERIA
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