ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF INDUSTRIAL WATER POLLUTION
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ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF INDUSTRIAL WATER POLLUTION
Chapter one
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Background of the Study
Water pollution is a huge issue in the global setting, with some claiming that it is the greatest cause of death and disease (World Resources 1998). The expansion of major industrial cities also resulted in water contamination.
Rivers that run through cities are frequently used as a dumping ground for both domestic and industrial garbage. Sewage, as in most cities, was washed into the streets and eventually found its way into the rivers, with terrible repercussions.
In the first half of the 18th century, London and Paris, Europe’s greatest cities with 1 and 2.4 million residents by 1850, endured a series of periodic cholera and typhoid outbreaks.
In 1832, a cholera outbreak killed approximately 20,000 Parisians, and similar outbreaks occurred in London. This was caused by rising sewage discharge into the Seine and Thames rivers.
Aside from synthetic pollution, freshwater is the last destination for biological waste, such as human sewage, animal dung, and rainwater runoff flavoured by nutrient-rich fertilisers from yards and farms.
These nutrients make their way down river systems and into seas, occasionally creating coastal ocean zones devoid of oxygen and thus aquatic life—and making the relationship between land and water brutally clear.
One of the primary causes of environmental pollution is the release of industrial effluent into water bodies, which has been shown to have a hazardous and negative influence on human health.
Water pollution also affects the plants and organisms that live in these bodies of water, and the effects are usually always detrimental not only to individual species and populations, but also to natural biological communities (Fewtrell and Colford, 2004).
This effect also causes degradation in many cities, particularly in developing nations, where many industries lack liquid and solid waste rules and suitable disposal facilities, including hazardous waste. Such trash could be contagious, poisonous, or radioactive.
Pollution can be viewed as a contributing element to environmental health. Pollution is defined as the introduction of contaminants into a natural environment that produces instability, disorder, harm, or discomfort in the ecosystem, which includes physical systems and biological species.
Pollution can be in the form of chemicals or energy, such as noise, heat, or light. Pollution is frequently classified as point or non-point source pollution. Chemicals can enter rivers from both point and non-point sources.
Point source pollution is caused by discharges from a single source, such as an industrial facility. Nonpoint source pollution is caused by a network of small sources that work together to produce significant pollution.
For example, the movement of rainwater or irrigation water across land sweeps up pollutants like fertilisers, herbicides, and insecticides, transporting them to rivers, lakes, reservoirs, coastal waterways, or groundwater. Following this reasoning, it is only natural to define what a pollutant is.
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