EVALUATION OF INDUSTRIAL EMISSION DAMAGE FUNCTION REGULATION AND IMPLIMENTATION AND ITS SUITABILITIES IN THE CONTROL OF AIR POLLUTION IN THE NIGERIA OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY
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EVALUATION OF INDUSTRIAL EMISSION DAMAGE FUNCTION REGULATION AND IMPLIMENTATION AND ITS SUITABILITIES IN THE CONTROL OF AIR POLLUTION IN THE NIGERIA OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY
ABSTRACT
The broad environmental concerns confronting the oil and gas exploration and production industry are evident at both the local and global levels. They include habitat conservation and biodiversity, air emissions, marine and freshwater discharges, incidents and oil spills, and soil and groundwater contamination. study Methodology:
The purpose of this chapter is to briefly introduce the reader to the various study designs employed by the researchers. Chi-square was utilised to examine the techniques used.
Data presentation, analysis, and interpretation: This chapter is concerned with the presentation, analysis, and interpretation of acquired data. The obtained data will be utilised to address the study questions and evaluate the hypothesis.
Finally, effective legal regimes, such as rules and regulations, have been established to control and decrease this environmental threat.
Chapter one
INTRODUCTION
The oil and gas sector is genuinely worldwide, with operations taking place in every corner of the world, from Alaska to Australia, Peru to China, and in every ecosystem, from the Arctic to the desert, tropical rainforest to temperate woodland, and mangrove to offshore.
The global society will continue to rely largely on oil and gas supply in the foreseeable future. In 1994, the world’s primary energy consumption was almost 8000 million tonnes of oil equivalents (BP Statistical Review of World Energy, June 1995); oil and gas accounted for 63% of global energy supply
with coal accounting for 27%, nuclear energy for 7%, and hydroelectric for 3%. The aim is to meet global energy demands while minimising negative environmental impacts by adhering to current best practices.
The extraction of oil and gas deposits has not always been without some environmental consequences. Oil spills, damaged land, accidents and fires, as well as incidences of air and water pollution, have all been reported at various times and locations.
In recent years, the social impact of operations, particularly in isolated villages, has gained attention. The oil and gas industry has long struggled to address the challenge of environmental protection. Much has already been accomplished, but the industry acknowledges that far more can be done.
The United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) held in Rio de Janeiro in June 1992, known as ‘The Earth Summit,’ drew global attention to the strong relationship between the environment and socioeconomic development.
The Summit examined global environmental challenges and produced two agreements (the Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Convention on Biological Diversity)
as well as the Rio Declaration and Agenda 21—a plan of action. Agenda 21’s fundamental theme is one of interdependence and cross-sector engagement, and the action plan gave a fresh approach to the world’s wide-ranging socioeconomic and environmental concerns.
The oil and gas exploration and production business has significant environmental challenges on both a local and global scale. They include habitat protection and biodiversity, air emissions, marine and freshwater discharges, incidents and oil spills, and contamination of soil and groundwater. The industry has addressed these challenges. The challenge is to guarantee that all operations follow current good practice.
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