Factors Associated With Prolong Labor Among Women Age 32-45 Years
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Factors Associated With Prolong Labor Among Women Age 32-45 Years
Chapter one
1.0 Introduction
Prolonged labour or dystocia is a common birth problem that is the leading cause of instrument births and emergency caesarean section (CS) (J midwives women’s health 2007).
Prolonging labour is fundamentally difficult, and it has been addressed since Freedman introduced the graphic analysis of labour. On labour progress, they provide several approaches to identify a stew of labour.
According to Freedman’s graphic, the latent phase of labour begins with the onset of labour and lasts until the beginning of the activity phase of labour. Cervical dilatation averages 35 cm per hour, and by the end of the latent phase, the cervix has dilated to around 3 cm.
The latent phase in multigravida is 5.3 hours, with a maximum of 4 hours. A longer latent phase does not imply that the active phase will be longer; the active phase begins at the end of the latent period and lasts until full dilation of the cervix.
The active phase of multigravida lasts an average of 2.5 hours, with a maximum of 17.6 hours. The rate of cervical dilatation is at least 1.5 cm per hour. The maximum time in multigravida in the first stage is 20 hours, and the second stage maximum is 50 minutes (Friedmon, Graphical Analysis of Labour, 195,686, 1568-1575).
Every year, over 500,000 women die as a result of complications related to pregnancy and childbirth. At least 7 million women who survive childbirth develop major health problems
while another 50 million women endure negative health consequences following childbirth. The vast majority of these deaths and complications occur in underdeveloped nations.
To promote the upgrading of midwife abilities, the country should respond to this scenario by boosting maternal and child health services. The World Health Organisation (WHO) produced the midwifery training modules.
The need for the modules was identified by midwives and teachers of midwives around the world who attended the pre-congress workshop on midwife education under the joint sponsorship of (WHO), the International Confederation of Midwives (ICM), and the United Nations Children’s Education Fund (UNICEF).
The major constraint to preventing labour and obstructed labour is the accurate and easily recognition of possible cephalopelvic disproportion (CPD) either before or during labour.
Cephalopelvic disproportion is the most prevalent reason for intervention during labour in underdeveloped countries, particularly among women.
In many communities or societies mortify primigravida deadly head is not engaged at the outset of labour even when the pelvic is adequate. For this reason, all women in labour should be constantly observed in order to identify problems or delays at an early stage.
1.1 Background of the Study
Obstructed or obstacle labour is the leading cause of mobility in Africa, notably in Nigeria. Every year, almost half a million women die. The risk of women dying as a result of pregnancy complications in developing countries is up to a hundred times higher than in Western Europe or North America, with 45 women dying for every 100,000 live births in the developing world (cited World Health Organisation maternal mobility rate 1991).
This is why it piqued my curiosity to conduct extensive research on why prolonged labour has become so frequent, as well as potential solutions to the problem in the Badikko community. Because every pregnant woman’s desire is to deliver a healthy baby to a healthy mother, this is not always the case for a variety of reasons.
These risks may include inheriting the mother’s disease or irregularities in the baby’s care due to ignorance or overconfidence in seeking treatment from untrained individuals or in a non-conductive environment with limited emergency intervention facilities (Dr. Tayo).
Normal labour is defined as uterine contractions that occur with frequency, intensity, and enforcement of the cervix (Young.12.2001), whereas prolonged labour is defined as a woman being in the spontaneous activity phase of labour with a ruptured membrane for more than 12 hours.
The active phase of labour begins with cervical dilatation of 4 cm. However, judging the start of labour is highly subjective for mother relatives (Dr. Tayo Abiara).
1.2 Statement of the Problem
Prolonged labour is associated with a high prevalence of morbidity and mortality among women aged 32 to 45 years. It is clear that some people are either conscious or unaware of the negative impact on their health caused by prolonged childbirth.
1.3 GOALS OF THE STUDY
– Determine strategies to reduce maternal mortality.
– Identify women’s knowledge of the effects of extended labour.
– To uncover ways to have a safe motherhood.
– To identify ways to encourage women and the community to seek prenatal care.
1.4 Significance of the Study
The study will encourage mothers to know the effect of prolonged labour and the measures to be done to prevent the recurrence.
1.5 Scope of the Study
The study will focus on educating traditional birth attendants and women of childbearing age about the effects of prolonged labour, as these are the people who should be aware of the occurrence of prolonged labour in order to solve the problems.
1.6 RESEARCH QUESTIONS.
1. What are the consequences of protracted labour?
2. How can we prevent prolonged labour?
3. How can the maternal mortality rate be reduced?
4. Why do pregnant women avoid antenatal care?
5. How can women successfully deliver and be mothers?
1.8 Limitations of Study
This study would have been carried out in Kaduna metropolis, but it was limited to the Badikko neighbourhood due to several issues.
– Financial constraint: Due to insufficient funds for acquiring research materials and transportation to the research region, the researcher finds it difficult to arrive at adequate conclusions.
– Time: Because the time frame for this research study was limited, the researcher was unable to cover a wide range of facts.
– Language Barrier: Because the researcher does not speak some of the respondents’ languages, he must rely on an interpreter who is unable to correctly interpret the relevant information.
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