Halitosis Among Student In Shehu Idris College Of Health Science And Technology
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Halitosis Among Student In Shehu Idris College Of Health Science And Technology
Chapter One: Introduction
Background to the Study
Halitosis, sometimes known as foul breath, refers to a clearly unpleasant odour produced while breathing (Gauge, 2007). Halitosis can be a serious societal problem, and the traditional dental treatments and mouthwashes that are frequently advised provide only temporary relief. The odour originates in the mouth as a result of bacterial activity.
Oral malodour is mostly caused by microbial metabolism; the mouth is home to hundreds of bacterial species with diverse nutritional needs. The tongue is the most common area for mouth-related halitosis. Tongue bacteria create malodour and fatty acids, accounting for approximately 80 to 90 percent of all cases of mouth-related foul breath.
Large amounts of naturally occurring bacteria are frequently found on the dorsum of the tongue, where they are essentially unaffected by everyday activity. This area of the tongue is relatively dry and poorly cleansed, and bacterial populations can thrive on food residue, dead epithelial cells, and post-nasal drip.
The convoluted microbiological structure of the tongue dorsum provides a perfect habitat for anaerobic bacteria, which flourish under a constantly growing tongue covering of food debris, dead cells, post nasal drip, and overlaying microorganisms living and dead when left on the tongue.
The anaerobic respiration of such bacteria can produce the putrescent odours of indole, skatole, methyl mercapton, alloymethyl sulphide, and dimethyl sulphide (Tonzentich 1997). The bacteria digests protein, resulting in the formation of numerous fatid substances that cause bad breath.
Oral malodour caused by the invasion of proteolytic, anaerobic gramme negative bacteria in the crevices of the tongue dorsum can be successfully detected and treated (Lochner et al, 2000). There are various causes of halitosis, but the main one is oral bacterial.
More than 90 million people suffer from chronic halitosis, a medical term for bad breath. Halitosis is most commonly caused by bacteria from food particle disintegration, other detritus in the mouth, and poor dental hygiene. In most cases (85-90%), foul breath originates in the mouth.
The strength of foul breath varies during the day due to the ingestion of particular foods such as garlic, onions, meat, fish, egg, cheese, smoking, and alcohol. Because the mouth is exposed to less oxygen and is active at night, the odour is usually worse when you wake up. Bad breath may be temporary, fading after brushing teeth, flushing, or rinsing with a specific mouthwash (Tammy Devenport, 2007).
Bad breath can also be persistent. Which is a more serious condition that affects approximately 25% of the population in varied degrees. It can have a significant impact on an individual’s personal, social, and business relationships, resulting in low self-esteem and stress. Halitosis is the medical word for poor breath, which is a major social disorder.
Halitosis can lead to exceedingly uncomfortable situations in social interactions and relationships at work and in your personal life (Lell et al, 2006). However, some poor breath appears to be caused by local pathological conditions like as gingivitis (particularly ANUG), periodontal disease, infected extraction sockets, or other oral species.
Other factors that may contribute to oral malodour include leftover blood after surgery, debris under bridges or appliances, ulcers, dry mouth, and the presence of post nasal mucus drip stagnating on the tongue (Wd Kazor, 2002). Various treatments for controlling halitosis (bad breath)
The most common reason to clean the tongue is to control foul breath. Mints, mouth sprays, and mouthwash may only temporarily mask the odour produced by the bacteria on the tongue, but they cannot cure bad breath because they do not remove the source of bad breath.
To prevent the production of the sulfur-containing compounds mentioned above, the bacteria on the tongue must be removed on a regular basis. Most people wipe their tongue with a (tongue scraper) or a toothbrush (Dent Hes, 2007).
Statement of Problems
Eating some foods, such as cooked eggs, garlic, and onion, which, once absorbed into our bloodstream, are carried to the lungs and generate bad breath when exhaled.
Suffering from systemic disorders such as liver and renal disease, diabetes mellitus, and digestive tract infections that prevent gases from flowing through the stomach or intestines.
When the mouth is dry, saliva production slows, reducing the mouth’s natural ability to clean itself. Saliva is the mouth’s natural mouthwash, and it contains ingredients that help keep the mouth clean.
The purpose of the study
1) To determine the prevalence of Halitosis among students at SICHST Makarfi.
2) Determine the causes of halitosis among students at SICHST Makarfi.
3) Determine the levels of awareness, prevention, and treatment for halitosis.
4) To give people hope that there is a remedy to Halitosis.
Significance of the Study
The study’s significance is to determine the prevalence of halitosis among students at SICHST, Makarfi. This will aid in providing suggestions for understanding existing oral health problems and developing oral health programs in the College
as well as assisting oral health practitioners in providing special oral health services such as oral health talks to all students at SICHST Makarfi, and assisting the College’s administration in introducing oral health care in every department.
Research Questions
1) How common is Halitosis among students at SICHST Markafi?
2) What are the risk factors that contribute to halitosis?
3) What are the actions taken to raise awareness, prevent, and cure halitosis among SICHST Makarfi students?
Scope of the Study The scope of this study is limited to Halitosis among students at SICHST Makarfi, which includes causes, prevention, and therapy.
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