IMPACT OF DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF SMALL SCALE BUSINESS
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IMPACT OF DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF SMALL SCALE BUSINESS
ABSTRACT
The study investigates the effect of catastrophe risk management on the growth of small-scale businesses in Northern Nigeria. The research questions that prompted this study were: How effective is disaster risk management for local institutions in Northern Nigeria?
What are the implications of catastrophe risk reduction for small-scale businesses in Northern Nigeria? How do Northern states gain access to money for disaster risk management? What impact do state and federal policy and operational support have on disaster risk management in Northern Nigeria?
The survey approach was used for the research design. The entire population of 35 people from NEMA and SEMA in five northern states totaling 200 people. Data was collected using a questionnaire using a five-point likert scale.
The data was analysed using the mean (x). The findings imply that. The efficiency of NEMA in Northern Nigeria, as well as the effectiveness of state government Disaster Risk Prevention and Monitoring in Northern Nigeria, show that disaster risk management in Northern Nigeria is effective.
However, the Ecological Fund allocated to Northern states is not effectively managed. Funds are assessed to manage disaster risk through a Disaster Risk Mitigation Trust Fund managed by the state through a formal institutional structure
a Fundraising and Ecological Fund accessed from the federal government, bilateral and multilateral assistance at the international level, and access to the World Bank’s Global Environment Facility Fund.
Chapter one
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
There is evidence that in many countries, the frequency of natural catastrophes has increased – natural hazard rise – as a result of environmental degradation (World Bank 2002). Natural disasters are complex and varied phenomena caused by mismanaged and unmanaged hazards that represent both current and historical conditions (Alexander 2000).
Disaster risk has a common genesis and continues to be a ‘public,’ shared danger, making it difficult to develop individual and frequently community solutions (Comfort 1999).
A disaster is considered to occur when the losses caused by a specific occurrence exceed a population’s (local, regional, or national) ability to respond and recover from it. The interplay of a natural hazard (the external risk component) and vulnerability (the internal risk factor) causes disaster rise (Cardona 2001).
The recently finished United Nations International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction contributed to an increase in international awareness of integrated disaster risk management (of which disaster risk mitigation is one component).
Similarly, the Nigerian Disaster Management Act (Act 57 of 2002) ushers in a new era for how disaster risk, hazards, and vulnerability are considered in Nigeria in the future.
As one of the best pieces of legislation ever enacted in Nigeria, it extends directly into the backyards of every state and local municipality, as well as all state agencies and public sector companies.
It advocates for the development of institutions, frameworks, plans, procedures, and strategies that apply to all government sectors. It presents a fresh approach to handling today’s complex and perilous society. It also delegated the responsibility for managing disaster risks to the highest political authority in each field of government.
The integration and coordination of all key actors and their actions into a comprehensive disaster risk reduction system is the foundation of successful and effective disaster risk management.
Disaster risk reduction in Nigeria consists of a variety of crosscutting facts that necessitate the participation of a wide range of sectors and disciplines, including the private sector, civil society, non-governmental organisations (NGOs), community-based organisations (CBOs), research institutions, and institutions of higher learning, to name a few. In the context of catastrophe risk management, none of these roles can function alone.
Disaster Risk Management has been created in Nigeria as a public sector role at all levels of government. However, disaster risk management extends beyond the scope of a single line of business function.
The Disaster Management Act (Act 57 of 2002) establishes an integrated, multi-sectoral, multi-disciplinary strategy to mitigating the risks associated with hazards and vulnerabilities. As a result, it must be incorporated into development plans.
To achieve success, follow the process. As a result, disaster risk management plans are incorporated into each state’s Integrated Development Plan. In light of this, the budgeting process within the state government area in Nigeria
which aims for sustainable development within the state government, has indisputable strategic relevance. Development planning should thus be evaluated based on its contribution to risk reduction or disaster risk enhancement.
Unfortunately, present policy and legislation do not provide enough advice to state governments regarding funding arrangements for catastrophe reduction, response, and recovery.
There are a variety of grants and funding mechanisms accessible, which causes some confusion. The necessity to integrate all catastrophe reduction and response financing into a single funding pool is well understood and has already been explored within the disaster management community.
Although this would be desirable, it is unrealistic to expect an all-inclusive fund to be achievable given Nigeria’s public financial infrastructure. This research is being conducted in light of the present security concerns and floods that have caused unimaginable misery for people in northern Nigeria.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
The act establishing the National Emergency Management Agency (NEMA) of Nigeria makes specific provision for the funding of post-disaster recovery and rehabilitation
as well as requiring that a disaster management plan be prepared for a specific state and should form an integral part of the state’s overall integrated development plan. Such a disaster management plan must indicate measures to reduce the vulnerability of disaster-prone areas, communities, and housing.
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