IMPACT OF MARINE POLLUTION ON SHIPPING OPERATION IN THE SOUTH-SOUTH GEOPOLITICAL ZONE
Need help with a related project topic or New topic? Send Us Your Topic
DOWNLOAD THE COMPLETE PROJECT MATERIAL
IMPACT OF MARINE POLLUTION ON SHIPPING OPERATION IN THE SOUTH-SOUTH GEOPOLITICAL ZONE
Chapter one
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
The internationally recognised definition for the marine environment was developed by the Group of Experts on the Scientific Aspects of Marine Environmental Protection (GESAMP), now known as Aspects Of Marine Environmental Protection, which states:
‘Introduction by man, directly or indirectly, of substances or energy into the marine environment (including estuaries) resulting in such deleterious effects as harm to living resources, hazard to human health, hindrance Marine pollution is classified as either point or non-point source. Point source pollution is defined as pollution that originates from a single, identified, and localised source.
That is, “point source” refers to any discernible, confined, and discrete conveyance, such as a pipe, ditch, channel, tunnel, conduit, well, discrete fissure, container, rolling stock, concentrated animal feeding operation, vessel, or other floating craft, from which pollutants are or may be discharged.
An example is directly releasing sewage and industrial waste into the ocean. Non-point source contamination arises when pollution originates from ill-defined and dispersed sources. It results from a wide range of human activities in which contaminants have no evident point of entry into receiving watercourses.
Clearly, non-point source pollution is considerably more difficult to assess, identify, and regulate than point sources. These include agricultural storm water discharges and return flows from irrigated farmland, urban runoff (from rooftops, streets, and parking lots), transportation (roads, trains, pipelines, hydroelectric corridors), and so on.
Industries and enterprises may dump waste into street gutters and storm drains. Surface runoff occurs when septic systems are overloaded or malfunction.
Need help with a related project topic or New topic? Send Us Your Topic