IMPACT OF REFUGEE CRISIS ON HUMAN SECURITY IN WEST AFRICA
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IMPACT OF REFUGEE CRISIS ON HUMAN SECURITY IN WEST AFRICA
CHAPITRE ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background Of The Study
Human security, in its broadest meaning, encompasses much more than the absence of violent conflict. It includes human rights, decent governance, access to education and health care, and ensuring that each individual has the opportunity and choices necessary to reach his or her full potential.
Human security, human rights, and so on serve to alleviate poverty while simultaneously promoting economic progress and preventing violence. Freedom from want, freedom from fear, and the ability of future generations to inherit a healthy natural environment are all interconnected components of human security, and thus national security.
Threats to human security may be political and military in nature, as well as social, economic, and environmental in nature. A variety of causes contribute to people’s feelings of insecurity, ranging from the placement of landmines and the proliferation of small guns to international concerns such as drug trafficking and the spread of HIV.
One of the main causes of human insecurity is a lack of efficient political and security institutions to deal with conflicts. Human security can be divided into two categories. It entails, first and foremost, protection from potentially lethal hazards such as famine, disease, and repression.
Second, it entails safeguarding against unexpected and harmful interruptions in regular living patterns, whether in homes, workplaces, or communities. At all levels of national prosperity and development, these risks can exist.
Some challenges to human security include economic security, food security, health security, environmental security, personal security, community security, and political security.
Human displacement in Africa is widespread and potentially expanding significantly. A large body of qualitative information reveals that the condition of Africa’s displaced people is deteriorating, and that those who manage to flee their nation are unable to find safe sanctuary in neighbouring countries. With the rise of violent conflicts in Africa and the West African Sub-Region,
there are numerous environmental, social, and security issues posed by refugee influx into most African countries. Refugees have a negative impact on the security of numerous countries. Recent research backs up the intuition that political violence and persecution are important drivers of flight.
However, refugees are more than just terrible byproducts of war; they can also act as catalysts for conflict, including fighting between states. Scholars have proposed that refugee flow can spark international hostility, including armed action, albeit this assertion has not been fully proven.
It is suggested, for example, that Rwanda’s invasion of Zaire in 1996 was largely motivated by a desire to clear refugee camps harbouring terrorist organisations. Refugee crises not only cause humanitarian disasters, but also have major consequences for border states and host communities.
Internal or domestic and civil conflict, according to Bobbin and Garrett (2006), entail violent exchanges between states and dissidents, as well as the negative consequences of war and human rights violations within the governments.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
Refugee crises not only cause humanitarian disasters, but also have major consequences for border states, host communities, and West Africa.Refugees frequently constitute a security risk to the host country.
Internal or domestic and civil conflict, according to Bobbin and Garrett (2006), entail violent exchanges between states and dissidents, as well as the negative consequences of war and human rights violations within the governments.
Rather than viewing states as separate entities, it may be more accurate to see them as interwoven in dense networks of social interactions in which processes within one state have considerable ramifications for other states in the region and outside.
Civil war and state persecution may not be borne solely by the belligerent country, but may have major externalities, or spillover effects, on other countries/communities.
The challenges related with refugees may not be limited to a specific border location, but may have an impact on a region’s internal security situation. Refugee migration, according to Ogundele (2005), can impose a large economic strain on host countries or communities.
This may be true despite the availability of foreign funding, which may at times come from the world’s poorest nation, which bears a large portion of the cost of maintaining them. In addition, refugees are less likely to contribute to productive economic activities in their host countries.
1.3 objectives of The study
The purpose of this research is to investigate the influence of the refugee crisis on human security in West Africa.
To investigate the dynamics of the socio-political and economic repercussions related with the security problem of refugees on the African continent.
To learn about the issues that refugees face in West Africa.
To investigate the impact of refugees on the social, political, security, and economic growth of Africa.
To facilitate the sharing of lessons learnt from national, regional, and worldwide human security experiences
1.3 Research Questions
What are the issues surrounding refugees in West Africa?
What impact do refugees have on Africa’s social, political, security, and economic development?
1.5 research Hypotheses
Ho: the refugee issue has had little effect on human security in West Africa.
Hello, there is an effect of the refugee issue on human security in West Africa.
Ho:
Hi:
1.6 Significance of the research
This study would ultimately act as an early warning indicator to the government in its efforts to protect the country’s internal and border security.
1.7 Scope and Limitations of the Study
The focus of this research is on the impact of the refugee crisis on human security in West Africa.
Study limitations
1. Financial constraint- Inadequate funds tend to hamper the researcher’s efficiency in locating relevant materials, literature, or information, as well as in the data collection procedure (internet, questionnaire, and interview).
2. Time constraint- The researcher will conduct this investigation alongside other academic activities. As a result, the amount of time spent on research will be reduced.
1.8 Definition of Terms
A refugee is someone who has been compelled to from their nation or home due to a war or for political, religious, or societal reasons.
A crisis is defined as a period of risk, difficulty, or confusion during which problems must be solved or crucial decisions must be taken.
Human security: is a new paradigm for assessing global risks. Its proponents argue that the ideal referent for security should be the individual rather than the state, challenging the traditional notion of national security.
Security: the acts involved in defending a country, a building, or a person against attack, danger, and so on.
Human rights: one of the fundamental rights that everyone has to be created fairly and not cruelly, particularly by their government.
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