IMPACT OF SANITARY LANDFILLS TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA
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IMPACT OF SANITARY LANDFILLS TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA
Chapter one
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
In terms of sustainability and the environment, natural elements play critical roles in ecological preservation. Water is the world’s most plentiful environmental resource, yet its availability is determined by quality, quantity, distance, and time.
It may be accessible in a variety of shapes and quantities, but its suitability for diverse applications is dependent on quality. Water accounts for approximately 70% of the human body and 60-70% of plant cells (Smith and Edger, 2006).
It is one of the factors that influence human settlement, life, and activities on Earth. It has a set quantity but changes during formation and storage. Of all the environmental challenges that developing countries confront, the lack of adequate, high-quality water is the most critical (Markandya 2004).
Once contaminated, groundwater may remain polluted indefinitely until remedied or treated. Water is an important determinant of the human earth system.
Diseases can emerge from water pollution, particularly groundwater contamination, and spread quickly beyond human expectations due to the flow mechanism (Afolayan et al., 2012).
The presence of water is one of the primary variables that contribute to the earth’s habitability. Water is the foundation of life, including the majority of plant and animal cells; thus, the development of water resources is a critical component in the integrated development of any place.
Water is essential to our daily life and a wonderful natural chemical. It spans 71% of the Earth (USGS, 2014). Water is a country’s and society’s most valuable resource because life cannot exist without it. It holds a unique place among natural resources since a country may thrive without any other resource save water (Garg, 2009).
The National Water Policy (2002) states that water allocation priority in system planning and operation should be roughly divided into the following categories: drinking, irrigation, hydropower, ecology, agro-industries and non-agricultural industries, navigation, and others.
Approximately 68.7% of fresh water is trapped in polar ice caps and glaciers, with the remaining 30.1% underground as groundwater, the majority of which is not usable (Gleick, 1996).
Rivers and lakes account for 0.32%, atmospheric moisture 0.03%, and soil moisture 0.05%.The primary sources of water include surface water (oceans, rivers, streams, seas, and brooks), groundwater, snow and ice, and lakes.
However, their investigation and utilisation differ from place to place depending on their condition of life. Groundwater is crucial for urban and agricultural water supplies. It makes up roughly 0.5% of the global hydrosphere, or 6.73 x10 km3 (Ayoade, 2003).
It is a major component of the earth’s water circulatory system known as the hydrological cycle and occurs in permeable geologic formations known as aquifers, which have structures that can store and transmit water at rates fast enough to supply reasonable amounts to wells (Afolayan et al., 2012).
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