IMPLEMENTATION OF BIOMETRIC IGNITION SYSTEM
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IMPLEMENTATION OF BIOMETRIC IGNITION SYSTEM
Chapter One: Introduction
Background to the Study
With rising global theft and crime rates, it is critical to discover a viable alternative to vehicle security. Cars play a vital role in our daily lives, so they must have proper security systems.
Security systems have evolved throughout the years, from the traditional lock and key system to the electronic alarm. Security measures were put in place to prevent unauthorised entry into cars
but over time, measures have been put in place to bypass such security measures, such as bypassing a motor vehicle’s key ignition system through hot-wiring, which is the ability to start a car’s ignition system without having the key.
We have three basic types of ignition systems: mechanical, electronic, and distribution-less. For this project, we use an electronic ignition system that authenticates the user’s biometric information before starting the car. The goal of this project is to showcase our group’s conceptual design, which uses fingerprint biometrics to start a car.
Biometric security is a security technology that uses an individual’s physical attributes to authenticate or permit access to a secure system. It is one of the world’s most powerful and secure physical security systems for identity verification (techopedia.com definition).
Biometrics is one of the most commonly utilised security features since it interacts with an individual’s bodily structure and cannot be readily manipulated, making it an efficient security measure.
Biometric technologies have gained popularity as a security precaution in a variety of fields. Because the human fingerprint is unique to each individual, including identical twins, it can be used as a unique marker or identifying tool for all humans. Regardless of how similar two prints appear at first glance, they are not identical.
The primary goal of establishing the biometric vehicle anti-theft system was to protect our vehicles from theft by offering secure anti-theft protection. To protect against automobile theft, we should restrict vehicle starting, allowing only authorised personnel to start the car without the use of keys once it has been detected by the fingerprint sensor.
The fingerprints of the owner and other authorised persons are pre-stored in the database, and when the vehicle’s engine is started, the scanned fingerprints are cross-checked against the database.
Biometric systems are one of the most commonly used security measures today, owing to the fact that they require the use of a human being’s physical or biological trait.
They have historically served as security mechanisms in a variety of ways, as each human on the planet has a unique pattern, whether it is a fingerprint or a retina; with this system, nothing more than a finger is required to engage the vehicle.
A fingerprint scanner eliminates the need for keys and allows a car owner to be less concerned about car security because the only protection he or she requires is there at his fingers, which simply means that the biometric technique requires the person’s physical presence to be identified.
There is currently a demand for security systems in automobiles. Therefore, the major goal of designing and deploying a biometric security system using fingerprint technology is to prevent unauthorised vehicle access. We discuss how the designs fit the criteria specified in the project plan.
1.0 Statement of the Problem
According to Interpol, there were 7.4 million documented cases of stolen vehicles by the end of 2015. This startling number on auto theft highlights the need for stronger motor vehicle security measures.
Although biometric authentication offers potential answers, it is hampered by a number of obstacles, including recognition failures, hacked biometric data, and the presence of susceptible points in the biometric system. Few research have addressed the recognition challenges associated with biometric ignition systems.
This study seeks to leverage multiple fingerprint template registration in order to reduce false acceptance rates and hence improve the security of the proposed authentication system. A prototype authentication system will be proposed, incorporating an Adafruit fingerprint module, an Arduino Uno board, a fingerprint module, a Vero board, and a DC motor.
Aim and Objectives of the Study
The primary goal of this research is to demonstrate the integration of biometrics into the ignition system of motor vehicles.
The objectives of the study are to:
Identification of a suitable sensitive fingerprint sensor for ignition systems.
Set up the prototype biometric ignition system with an Adafruit fingerprint module, an Arduino Uno board, a fingerprint module, a Vero board, and a DC motor.
This concept is projected to successfully improve automotive security by utilising a specialised biometrics system that incorporates a fingerprint sensor. Once the fingerprint has been compared to the database, the vehicle’s ignition will turn on. This results in a more safe and reliable car, as well as better crime prevention.
Fingerprint authentication systems are relatively inexpensive when compared to other biometric systems, and the user verification rate is quite high, making it a well-established core technology.
Adding additional fingerprints to the fingerprint database improves system accuracy and flexibility while significantly reducing false rate matches.
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY.
Following a thorough investigation of the increasing occurrence of automobile theft in this region of the world, we identified the need to improve car security systems by replacing the mechanical key-based security system with a biometric fingerprint-based ignition system.
Because of its accuracy and inherent feature, the biometric fingerprint system provides greater dependability and confidence than key system security. This system consists of a software module that allows a user to enter data, which is the user’s fingerprint, and a hardware module that serves as an interface for the ignition system.
As a result, when a valid user runs the system, the live biometrics template is compared to the saved biometric template, and the automobile is started, and vice versa if the live template is not recognised.
Understanding crime levels around the world, including Nigeria, this study will illustrate how a biometrics system may be constructed to improve security systems.
The fact that each human on the planet is unique in terms of physical characteristics is the primary factor that distinguishes biometric authentications from other security methods.
As a result, fingerprints are unique to each individual, including identical twins. Even if two prints appear to be identical at first inspection, trained eyes or authentication systems will always detect the difference.
It would improve the vehicle for the reasons listed above. Because there is a current demand for robust security systems in automobiles, the importance of creating and deploying a biometric security system using fingerprint technology to prevent unauthorised vehicle starting cannot be overstated.
The sole goal of this research is to create the next generation futuristic security system, one that is dependable, easy to access by authorised personnel, and impossible to gain access to by unknown individuals.
Our biometrics are unique to each individual, which means no two people can ever have the same fingerprint or retina, making it one of the most secure security measures.
We intend to exploit this unique characteristic in conjunction with a security system that we hope to include into motor vehicle ignition systems. The ignition will only turn on when a recognised print is detected by the fingerprint sensor, and the vehicle system will not be affected if an unfamiliar print is scanned.
1.4 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
1.) Adafruit fingerprint sensor: – This electronic gadget detects fingerprints and saves them as templates, which can then be used to acquire access in the future if the live biometric templates match the saved template.
This gadget contains on-board flash memory capable of storing over 162 fingerprints, as well as a powerful DSP processor that handles image storage, calculation, and comparison searching. Connect to any microcontroller or system via TTL serial and send data packets to capture photos, identify prints, hash, and search. The Adafruit sensor has the following technical details:
Supply voltage: 6 – 6.0 VDC.
Operating current: 120mA maximum.
Peak current: 150 mA max.
Fingerprint imaging time: <1.0 second.
Window size: 14mm x 18mm.
Signature file size: 256 bytes.
Template file size: 512 bytes.
Storage capacity: 162 templates.
Safety ratings (1–5, low to high safety)
False acceptance rate is <0.001% (Security Level 3).
False Reject Rate: <1% (Security Level 3).
Interface: TTL. Serial Baud Rates: 9600, 19200, 28800, 38400, and 57600 (default: 57600).
Working temperature rating: -20°C to +50°C
Working humidity: 40% to 85% RH.
Full dimensions: 56 x 20 x 21.5 mm.
Exposed dimensions (when placed in box): 21mm x 21mm x 21mm triangular.
Weight: 20 grammes. (source: https://www.adafruit.com, n.d.).
2.) Arduino Uno board: This is a generic board using the ATmega328P microprocessor.
This is a 28-pin microcontroller with a flash memory that enables read and write operations. To allow its use, the Adafruit sensor includes a pre-programmed library that is installed onto the board.
3.) D.C. Motor: Another common device that converts electrical pulses into mechanical movement is the direct current (DC) motor. Connecting them to a DC voltage source causes the motor to move in one direction.
4.) Power supply: The power supply for this circuit is modest since all of the components or equipment may work at low voltages. High voltage will squander or ruin the circuit, whereas low voltage, such as 5V, is preferred.
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