Incidence Of Low Birth Weight Among Woman Of Child Bearing Age
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Incidence Of Low Birth Weight Among Woman Of Child Bearing Age
Chapter one
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
Gastro enteritis, commonly known as infectious diarrhoea, is an inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract that affects the stomach and small intestine.
Gastroenteritis is an inflammation of the stomach and intestine that typically causes upset for two or three days.
Enteritis epidemic diarrhoea, also known as summary diarrhoea, is an acute infection inflammations conditions of the intestine caused by several organisms.
It affects infants and children, primarily under the age of two, and is most common during the hot months of the year when flies and dusts are in abundance and infections of food, particularly milk, are thus most likely to occur.
The unset is sudden, with diarrhoea, vomiting, toxicity, and dehydration. Infants admitted with this syndrome have a quick pulse. Sunken, boat-shaped eyes indicate dryness, as do threads and compressibility.
Abdomens sunken Fontanilla and inelastic skin, thirst, prostration, unconsciousness, and alleviation can be acquired, and the immortality rate is high (Evelyn Pearce 2010).
Gastroenteritis is an inflammation of the stomach and colon (large intestine) caused by bacteria and viruses (Google search 2013).
Bacteria like Shigella or pathogenic Escherichia coli may be implicated, but sometimes no pathogens are identified. Viruses have occasionally been recovered from facial specimens; they are frequent in children of all ages, but babies are especially vulnerable due to dehydration and electrolyte imbalance.
Gastro enteritis is an acute inflammation of the stomach and intestine caused by microorganisms like salmonella, bacillus, and staphylococcus parasites. Rarely, the syndrome may be caused by a chemical irritant, such as excessive alcohol.
Signs and symptoms associated with an allergic reaction to a certain meal or medicine include diarrhoea and vomiting, abdominal swelling, abdominal discomfort and pain, fever, and tencosytosis (Watson 2002).
Inflammation of the stomach and intestine typically causes acute distress that lasts two to three days. dysentery Typhoid fever, cholera, food poisoning, and travellers’ diarrhoea are all types of gastroenteritis that can be caused by a wide range of bacteria, bacterium toxins, viruses, and other organisms in food and drink. appetite loss, sickness.
Vomiting cramps and diarrhoea are the most common symptoms, and their severity is determined by the cause. Symptoms might be minor or severe enough to cause dehydration, shock, and collapse.
minor instances normally require simply rest and rehydration therapy, however severe cases may necessitate hospitalisation with fluids administered by intravenous infusion. Antibiotics may be prescribed for certain bacterial infections, although others require no treatment (medical dictionary first UK edition).
Gastro enteritis can also be described as one of the most fatal diseases found in the tropics that is associated with a dirty environment. It is a very serious abdominal disease and during an epidemic, thousands die within a few days. It is characterised by sudden onset toxaemia, vomiting, and frequent copious
Evacuation from the intestines resulting in repaid and excessive dehydration in children fluid offers retention and may be expelled.
(Balitere Tinda) defines gastroenteritis as the inflammation of the stomach and intestine caused by viral or bacterial illnesses. Infatile gastro enteritis is an acute condition of diarrhoea and vomiting that causes severe dehydration.
The reason can be dietary, infection, or parenteral when the condition is secondary to infections or elsewhere in the body, such as gotitis media. (Baliere Tindaln 1992).
My experience as a student in training in a primary health care centre in rural areas, where mothers bring their condition with extreme cases of gastro-enteritis, the mothers usually attribute the cause to teething problems
the fact that the mode of transmission and presentation of gastro enteritis is not to many rural dwellers, had stimulated me to do a research work on this topic in order to create awareness as to the cause of transmission and prevention of
1.2 Statement of the Problem
Gastroenteritis affects people of all ages, including children, adults, and the elderly, as well as infants of both sexes. The federal, state, and local governments invested time and money in ensuring well-sanitized water for human consumption and proper environmental sanitation
which are critical measures in controlling gastroenteritis in the study area and have an adverse effect on people of all ages. As a result, I’d like to learn more about the causes of specific diseases in the research region.
1.3 The goal of the study
To understand the complications and epidemiology of the disease.
To understand the factors in preventing the occurrence of gastroenteritis in the research area.
To determine the cause of gastro enteritis in the research area.
To identify the factors that prevent the occurrence of gastroenteritis in the area.
Health informed the community on the reasons and preventative measures.
1.4 Significance of the Study
Studies have indicated that serious action has been taken to reduce the prevalence of this condition.
As a result, I hope that the research for this project will help to achieve the following:
The study will assist individuals in understanding the causes that prevent the control and treatment of gastroenteritis in the study area.
The government should be advised to combat gastroenteritis and other water-borne diseases in the study area.
1.5 Research Question and Hypothesis
Poverty is the primary cause of gastro enteritis in the study location.
Is illiteracy one of the causes that cause gastroenteritis?
Yes, ignorance can cause gastroenteritis.
Can polluted water cause gastroenteritis?
Yes, polluted water is one of the factors causing gastroenteritis.
Does improtected food ensure gastroenteritis?
Yes, improperly protected food can induce gastroenteritis.
Can gastroenteritis be cured?
Yes, it can be cured if treated properly.
Does poorly cooked food induce gastroenteritis?
Yes, improperly cooked food can cause gastroenteritis.
Is there a particular season for gastroenteritis?
No, however gastroenteritis occurs primarily during the hot season.
Does the government’s actions contribute to the rise of gastroenteritis in the study area?
No if it decreases the occurrence of the disease in the area.
Does the behaviour of those in the region contribute to the occurrence of gastroenteritis?
Yes, people’s behaviours contributed to the development of gastroenteritis.
Does gastroenteritis affect exclusively infants?
No if affects all age groups.
Can unsanitary environments contribute to the prevalence of gastroenteritis?
Yes, an unsanitary environment led to the occurrence of the disease.
1.6 Scope of the Study
The scope of this study covers the evaluation of gastroenteritis in Danwaire Street Barnawa Kaduna South local government under the following:
Causative agent/vector/pathogens
Bacteria
Mode of Transmission
Prevention and Control
Treatment
Diagnosis
Causes
Signs and symptoms
1.7 Definition of Terms
* gastrointestinal is the inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, which includes the stomach and intestine.
* Pathogen: this is the organism which causes the sickness.
* Sanitation: this is an arrangement that will preserve public health.
* Transmission: the way the disease spreads.
* Dysentery is an infection of the digestive tract that causes severe diarrhoea with blood and mucus.
* Diarrhoea: the passing of soft, watery stool more than three times per day.
* Inflammation: Redness, swelling, heat, and pain in a tissue caused by injury or infection.
*An epidemic is the appearance of a certain disease in a large number of people at the same time.
* The stomach is an entity in the body that digests food.
* Infection: to create disease in (someone) by introducing an organism such as bacteria or a virus.
1.8 Limitations of the Study
The limitation of this study include is knowing the causes, preventing signs and symptoms, incubation periods, and treatment of gastroenteritis in the research study of Danwaire Street Barnawakaduna South.
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