MODELING AND SIMULATION OF A GRID CONNECTED SOLAR-HYDRO HYBRID SYSTEM
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MODELING AND SIMULATION OF A GRID CONNECTED SOLAR-HYDRO HYBRID SYSTEM
Chapter 1: General Introduction
1.1 Background Of the study
To achieve a sustainable existence in our critically energy dependent society, we must continue to implement environmentally sustainable energy generation methods. Nigeria, like most developing countries, is experiencing an increase in demand for renewable energy as a result of population and developmental expansion.
Researchers in this discipline have devised numerous strategies for producing clean and economical energy. Even if the use of fossil fuels for electrical energy generation exceeds that of renewable sources, the world’s dwindling oil reserves reduce the potential for fossil fuels as a future energy resource (Zehra and Muhsin, 2013).
This generates a strong interest in renewable energy sources, making the transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy inescapable (Zehra and Muhsin, 2013).
The reliance on a secure energy production system based on renewable energy is growing and gaining traction, thanks to government policy around the world, particularly in light of Middle Eastern oil volatility and the recent Fukushima nuclear tragedy.
Renewable energy technologies promise clean, abundant energy derived from self-renewing resources such the sun, wind, water, earth, and plants (Dorin et al., 2009).
In most circumstances, one renewable energy system cannot meet the power requirement alone due to its intermittent nature, hence the solution is to hybridise renewable energy systems (Meshram et al, 2013).
To provide the electricity requirements, the power grid must be integrated. The power grid can be integrated to deliver electricity in locations where this hybrid system is used, and load forecasting is required to design a system that will compensate for power deficits.
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1.2 Challenges Facing Nigeria’s Power System Nigeria’s power system is facing enormous challenges, including high energy losses due to physical deterioration of transmission and distribution facilities, an inadequate metering system, an increase in illegal connections, manpower constraints and insufficient support facilities
high electricity production costs, insufficient basic industries to service the power sector, a poor billing system, poor bill settlement by consumers, and a lack of available capacity (Nasir, 2009). These factors influence the electricity sector’s technical and economic performance.
1.3 Kaduna Subtransmission Network
The Kaduna sub-transmission network diagram depicts the injection substations for both the 33kV and 11kV feeders in Kaduna North. The network consists of one transmission station (Mando) that serves the five injection substations in Kaduna North.
There are five injection substations: Kawo, Dawaki, Abakpa, Mogadishu, and Rigasa. The Mando transmission station not only feeds the five injection substations in Kaduna North, but it also supplies power to substations outside of Kaduna.
Mando transmission station supplies power to four of the five injection substations, while Mogadishu receives power from both Mando transmission station and 132kV power production plant. Figure 1.1 depicts the Kaduna subtransmission network.
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