NIGERIA ROLE IN INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION
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NIGERIA ROLE IN INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION
CHAPITRE ONE
1.1 INTRODUCTION
Nigeria is the most populous country in Africa, with a population of around 140 million people. This is possibly why the country is known as the “giant of Africa”1. Nigeria shares land borders with the Republic of Benin in the west, Cameroon in the east, Niger in the south, and Chad in the south-east.
In 1960, Nigeria gained political independence. Since then, she has chosen a foreign policy posture that emphasises the country’s national interests, on which there is clear public consensus. With gaining independence, the country began to assert its due place in international politics.
Nigeria has shown a keen interest in the economic growth of African governments and has made a significant contribution to the consolidation of universal peace, mutual respect among all nations, and the abolition of discrimination in all its forms. Especially its western African subregional neighbours.2.
The basic goal of Nigerian foreign policy, like with that of other countries, is to promote and safeguard the country’s national interests in its interactions with the rest of the world.
Nigeria’s activity and membership in international organisations has, of course, been confined to the assessment of Nigeria’s role in international organisations, with particular emphasis on OPEC.
Economic cooperation, in its current form, provides equitable chances for multilateral discussion and collaboration among states, and it might be used to monitor value kinds in the image of individual national preferences3. Nigeria has pursued membership in the UN, OAU, and ECOWAS before concentrating its focus to OPEC.
Nigeria has profited greatly from United Nations projects such as the Millennium Development Goals, UNICEF, and the International Monetary Fund, among others.
Despite its relative level of development, Nigeria continues to chair United Nations special organs. For example, at the end of 2009, Nigeria was elected as a member of the UN Security Council.
Nigeria’s involvement in the development and survival of the Africa Union cannot be overstated. The transfer from the OAU to the Africa Union required the 36th instrument of ratification of the Africa Union’s foundational ACT.
On April 26, 2001, Nigeria became the 36th member state to deposit its instrument of ratification, completing the two-thirds threshold, and the Act entered into force on May 26, 2001.4
Nigeria established the Technical Aid Corp (TAC) to facilitate the travel of Nigerian professionals such as teachers, lawyers, doctors, and engineers to other countries in need. In December 1985, Nigeria demonstrated its willingness to mediate a border dispute between Burkina Faso and the Republic of Mali.
On May 28, 1975, the ECOWAS Treaty was signed in Lagos.5 Nigeria’s commitment to the fratricidal conflict in Liberia was based on Article 52 of the UN Charter, which provides for regional security.
Sierra Leone is also defended vehemently by Nigeria.This was made feasible by the ECOWAS monitoring group ECOMOG, which was founded by General lbrahim Babaginda.
The Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) arose out of necessity, as the international oil market was dominated by an oligopoly of few major international corporations, including Shell and Mobil.Exxon and Gult are two British oil companies.
Because they represented the supply side of the oil industry, these businesses were in a position to influence oil pricing. OPEC was formed in 1960 by the union of Iran, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, and Venezuela. Nigeria became an OPEC member in 1970.
In Baghdad, the pact formally forming OPEC was signed. Iraq with the primary goal of ensuring fair and stable petroleum product prices.
The conference, board of governors, secretariat, and special economic commission were all part of OPEC.
THE CONFERENCE: The conference is OPEC’s official head, meeting at least twice a year to establish policy and confirm new appointments.
THE BOARD OF GOVERNORS: Each member country is represented by one governor, and the board implements the conference’s resolution. They also get together twice a year.
THE SECRETARIAT: Is organised into numerous departments that report to the Secretary-General.
Secretary’s Office – General Administration Department
Department of Information and Economics
Legal division
Statistics unit of the technical department
UNITED NATIONS SPECIAL ECONOMIC COMMISSION: A special fund was established to grant loans to non-OPEC members. The fund is managed by a governing committee that includes a chairman and a general director.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
The study’s goal is to determine Nigeria’s policy and role in OPEC, which would add to the current literature on Nigeria’s participation in OPEC. Attempts will be made to assess Nigeria’s policy involvement in terms of decision-making and moral contribution.
Some experts, both within and outside of Nigeria, have been quite critical of Nigeria’s performance and the benefits of being a member of OPEC, finally to x-ray the organization’s issues and prospects since its start and recommendations.
1.3 DEFINITION OF TERMS
ORGANISATION: An organisation is any collection of people who come together for a certain purpose. This could include both political and cultural religions, as well as economic religions. The organization’s goal is to protect its members’ interests.
PETROLEUM: Petroleum is a mineral extracted from the earth’s crust that contains petrol, gasoline, and other chemical compounds.
ROLE: A character played by an actor. It entails Nigeria’s commitment and active participation in OPEC’s success.
1.4 METHODOGRAPHY
The data will be derived from secondary sources, relevant foreign policy literature, and federal official pronouncements on the subject. I will also consult the few annual volumes of bulletin journals of foreign affairs issued by the Nigeria Institute of External Affairs,
as well as the official bulletin of OPEC. This research will also collect information from papers and articles written by eminent scholars on the subject, as well as relevant articles.
1.5 THEORY OF FRAMEWORK
A theoretical framework gives shape to a research project. It functions as a tool for analysing political phenomena.
The general system theories will be used to describe Nigeria’s involvement in OPEC during the course of this research.
The term “system theory” is arguably the most commonly used in international relations. All current political units are believed to interact with one another in accordance with some regular and observable partner of relationship.
In its interlocking relationship, system theory emphasises the interdependence of all subsystems or units within a system. Each state in the system is the custodian of its own security and independence in the game of international politics.
The state, according to David Easton, is a system composed of interdependent parts that interact with one another in order to fulfil a purpose.
Environmental demands are converted by the political system and emerge as output, which is generally authoritative decision. It is stated that the policymakers receive input from the public in the form of support and protest.
David Easton (1953), Gabriel Almond and Bungham Powel (1966), and Robert Dahl (1970) were among the early proponents of using general system theory to explain the political system as a collection of sub-systems7.
Using the general system theory, OPEC is seen as the general system, with Nigeria serving as a sub-system. The indicator represents the relationship between a subsystem and a larger system.
OPEC, in general, has a set of goals to pursue, and Nigeria, as a unit, is expected to play a role in the overall system for mutual benefit.
These objectives may include member-state coordination and unification of petroleum politics in order to achieve stable prices, securing common petroleum policy among member-states, allocating production levels, and assisting poor non-oil-producing countries.
1.6 HYPOTHESIS
The following operational hypothesis were established and evaluated in order to identify the boundaries around which this study activity is centred.
Ho: Nigeria’s significant contribution to the Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries
Hello, Nigeria is in a weak position in OPEC.
1.7 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The following are the primary goals of this research:
To investigate the circumstances that justify the foundation of the Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) in relation to the security of good and stable oil prices.
To investigate the link between demand and supply in relation to crude oil products iii. Recommend appropriate policies and tactics for reducing petroleum resource prices and production levels.
To investigate the problems and challenges that Nigeria faces as an OPEC member.
1.8 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
This study will look at OPEC’s organisational structure, which comprises the OPEC summit, board of governors, secretariat, and special economic commission. The following variable will be taken into account.
Historical progression
Administration and organisational structure
Administrative duty
a problem was encountered
The study spans the period from OPEC’s founding in 1960 to the present.
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