PATRON -CLIENT POLITICS AND NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA
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PATRON -CLIENT POLITICS AND NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA
ABSTRACT
The study evaluates patron-client politics and national development in Nigeria.
It offers a conceptual and theoretical assessment of patron-client politics and national growth.
INTRODUCTION
In Nigeria, Richard A. Joseph… is widely credited with coining the word prebendalism to describe patron-client or neopatrimonialism. Since then, the word has become ubiquitous in scholarly literature and textbooks.
A prebend is defined by the Catholic Encyclopaedia as “the right of a member of chapter to a share in the revenues of a cathedral.” Joseph introduced the term to express the attitude of entitlement that many Nigerians have to the Nigerian state’s resources.
Elected leaders, government employees, and members of ethnic and religious groups believe they have a claim to a share of government resources. Joseph put it this way: ”
According to the theory of prebendalism, state offices are regarded as prebends that can be appropriated by officeholders, who use them to generate material benefits for themselves and their constituents and kin groups…”
As a result of this type of patron-client or identity politics, Nigeria has consistently been listed as one of the least transparent countries in Transparency International’s Corruption Perceptions.
As Oluwafemi remarked, while many Nigerians are unfamiliar with the name, they are familiar with the activities and attitudes to which it relates.To comprehend prebendalism, one must first understand what a prebend is. When the office holder is able to appropriate the office, that is, convert it into his or her portion of the state, the boundary is crossed.
In modern Nigeria and other peripheral capitalist countries, resources flowing to the office might be diverted for personal and related purposes, or for the capital accumulation that it promotes. As a result, the Wikipedia excerpt’s phrase “the prebendalization of the patrimonial state” is applicable. Prebendalism is not often associated with Nigeria.
It is ingrained and ubiquitous in a country; and how prebendal views were woven into what Ken Post and Michael Vickers previously termed as a “conglomerate society,” i.e., a nation divided into cultural portions defined by ethnicity, language, geography, and cultural practices.
Patron-client procedures were essential components of a dynamic system in Nigeria that linked the appropriation of governmental positions to the material and wellbeing of the people.
What happens to the state itself is an important concern. A prebendalized system, on the other hand, is fundamentally unstable. Prebendal practices ultimately thwart efforts to construct a capable state, a democratic system, and a cohesive nation.
CHAPITRE I
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
According to Segun Ayobolu (2011), incumbents of public office at all levels thought that their positions entitled them to unrestricted access to public resources with which they not only satisfied their own material demands but also serviced the needs or desires of subaltern clientele…
This type of illicit diversion of public resources for selfish private objectives deprived the polity of development funding, worsened poverty and inequality, and fueled an unhealthy rivalry and competition for public office, resulting in widespread instability.
The devastating effects of dysfunctional government are seen in all aspects of life in Nigeria. There is a fundamental tension between patron customer and efficient public service delivery. The study will look into patron-client politics and national development in Nigeria.
1.3 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
1 What are the characteristics of patron-client politics?
2 What is the definition of national development?
1.4 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
1 To assess the nature of patron-client politics in Nigeria.
2 To assess the state of national development
3 To ascertain the impact of patron-client politics on national growth.
1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The study will project the impact of patron-client politics on the development of the nation. In order to determine methods to reverse the trend and redirect public resources to national development.
1.6 HYPOTHESIS STATEMENT
1 H0 Nigeria has a low level of national development.
H1 Nigeria has a high level of national development.
2 H0 Nigeria has a low level of patron-client politics.
H1 Nigeria has a high level of patron-client politics.
3 H0 The impact of patron-client politics on national development in Nigeria is minimal.
H1 In Nigeria, patron-client politics has a significant impact on national growth.
1.7 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The research focuses on the evaluation of patron-client politics and its impact on national development. It examines the nature of patron-client politics and proposes solutions to moderate and reverse the trend in order to improve the flow of economic resources to national development.
1.8 DEFINITIONS OF TERMS
POLITICS OF PATRON AND CLIENT
In Nigeria, Richard A. Joseph… is widely credited with coining the word prebendalism to describe patron-client or neopatrimonialism. Since then, the word has become ubiquitous in scholarly literature and textbooks. A prebend is defined by the Catholic Encyclopaedia as “the right of a member of chapter to a share in the revenues of a cathedral.”
Joseph introduced the term to express the attitude of entitlement that many Nigerians have to the Nigerian state’s resources. Elected leaders, government employees, and members of ethnic and religious groups believe they have a claim to a share of government resources. Joseph put it this way: ”
According to the theory of prebendalism, state offices are regarded as prebends that can be appropriated by officeholders, who use them to generate material benefits for themselves and their constituents and kin groups…”
As a result of this type of patron-client or identity politics, Nigeria has consistently been classified as one of the least transparent countries in Transparency International’s Corruption Perceptions Index.
DEVELOPMENT
According to ROGER (1976), development is a sort of social change in which new ideas are introduced within a social system to provide higher capital incomes and levels of living through more production, improved social organisation, and improved methods of production.
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