PERCEPTION OF UNDERGRADUATES ON CORRUPTION IN NIGERIA
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PERCEPTION OF UNDERGRADUATES ON CORRUPTION IN NIGERIA
CHAPITRE ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Transparency International (2014) ranks Nigeria 136th out of 182 nations assessed in its corruption perception index, showing the country’s level of corruption in comparison to other countries.
Although this was an improvement over prior years, it was attributable to an increase in the number of countries that participated in the survey rather than an improved system of governance.
Nigeria’s rating actually dropped by 9 points between 2010 and 2011, indicating an increase in corruption despite the government’s efforts to cleanse the country of it. This study reveals a lack of accountability among public officials as well as a sloppy governance system in the country. As a result, corruptible acts inside the country’s public sector are rarely heavily penalised and are simpler to get away with.
Cheating, lying, and stealing are typical traits of crime, regardless of the sophistication of the methods used by criminals. Corruption is a threat in the public sector; while it is a global problem, the breadth of its reach in the public sector was tragically staggering. All evidence pointed to the cancer’s spread becoming scary.
When it comes to corruption, there is a common misconception that corruptive activities are only seen in certain countries, in certain occupations, and at certain times. However, if we examine the synonyms for corruption: dishonesty, immorality, harm, fraud, and so on,
we will quickly realise that corruption is such a broad and undefined concept that it can be seen in different layers and intensities all over the world. There is no such thing as a place without corruption, but there is an environment where this type of misbehaviour is tolerated.
Speaking of the first, because corruption is almost common in everyday life, there is a whole generation of students and administrators who are accustomed to seeing corruptive activities from the start of their academic careers, and accustomed to seeing that no one is trying to stop it, so they (the students and administration) join the whirlpool of corruption.
Today, these folks cannot tell the difference between what is right and wrong, what is good or evil, what is corrupt or what is transparent. This is the field in which we individually believe we can succeed and are taking action.
The project’s awareness-raising efforts are an excellent way to demonstrate to the community the benefits of non-corruptive education. We must act to dispel the atmosphere of apathy and initiate reforms.
We are certain that practically every student only knows or remembers the most blatant kind of corruption, which is paying for a test. The beautiful thing about awareness raising activities is that they can be utilised as a medium to assist students learn more about the many sorts of corruption and how to combat them. 2002 (Aigbokhaevbolo).
STATEMENT OF THE RESEARCH PROBLEM
Transparency International (2014) ranks Nigeria as the 136th most corrupt country in the world. Because of the government’s insincerity un combating corruption and economic crimes in the public sector,
civil officials in the ministry of finance take advantage of the treasury. Civil servants commit these crimes because they are connected to prominent government officials, and as a result, they are not penalised.
The refusal of institutions to accept the existence of corruption is the most serious problem with the perception of corruption. The civic sector and the media must resist this policy blindfolded. We should strive to make the educational system better, more transparent, and hopefully devoid of corruption.
Universities must confront the reality of corruption sooner or later and begin reforms in this area. There is some denial or unwillingness to solve the problem. We believe that academic life and spirit are in grave danger at this time (Okolie, 2006).
1.3 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
The following research questions were developed to guide the study and meet the study’s research objectives:
What, in the students’ opinion, constitutes corruption?
How do Nigerian pupils perceive corruption?
What variables influence Nigerian students’ perceptions of corruption?
How does the sense of corruption affect students’ moral standing?
1.4 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The study’s primary goal is to investigate Madonna students’ perceptions of corruption in Nigeria. The following are the study’s specific objectives:
To determine what constitutes corruption in the eyes of the students.
To investigate students’ attitudes on corruption in Nigeria.
To investigate the elements that influence students’ perceptions of corruption in Nigeria.
To investigate the impact of students’ perceptions of corruption on their moral standing.
1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
From colonisation to post-independence democratic administration, Nigeria has a rich political history. The country obtained independence in 1960 and had democracy for less than a decade before a military takeover; nevertheless, this takeover was extremely chaotic because it was followed by a succession of coups by successive military regimes.
Although the country achieved complete democracy in 1999, it nonetheless bears the scars of previous military administrations, as numerous prominent people in the current government previously held military leadership posts.
It is crucial to highlight the public sector in Nigeria since it is an important part of the government and plays an important role in the implementation of services that are critical to the country’s economic success.
It coordinates federal ministries, advises political leaders, develops and implements government programmes, collects and distributes data to policymakers, assures service continuity,
and provides public relations services. These positions are critical in conducting an efficient administration because the public sector can make or break any administration.
When examining the public sector, it is vital to consider its origins as well as the significant reforms that have been implemented. This will provide a better understanding of the difficulties encountered as well as alternative solutions to address them.
Furthermore, there is a need to investigate the perception of corruption and whether it can stymie the sector’s ability to deliver effective services to citizens.
Furthermore, it is necessary to examine the origins of corruption in the public sector, to analyse these concerns, and to provide some insight on why some government officials engage in corrupt behaviours that go against the fundamental goals of their professions.
The paper examines all of these aspects to create a better knowledge of the Nigerian public sector, its level of corruption, and advocates for the introduction of anti-corruption policies.
1.6 DEFINITION OF TERMS
PERCEPTION: The organisation, identification, and interpretation of sensory information in order to represent and understand the environment is referred to as perception.
CORRUPTION: Corruption can take numerous forms, including bribery and embezzlement. Government, or ‘political’ corruption occurs when a public official or other government employee acts in an official role for personal gain.
PUBLIC SECTOR: This includes all organisations established by the government to satisfy human desires and to meet specific public wants and needs.
DUE PROCESS: This is the system, technique, and set of rules used to ensure budget discipline in public sector procurement of goods and services.
FRAUD: This is defined as an impropriety that involves the use of deception to acquire an unjust or illegal financial benefit (Okolie 2006).
CRIMES: These are actions that are dishonest, violent, or immoral and are punishable by law.
ECONOMIC: The system by which a country’s money and things are created and consumed, according to the Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English.
FINANCIAL: The management of money, particularly money under the direction of a government, enterprise, or major organisation.
TRANSPARENCY: As used in the humanities and in a broader social context, indicates transparency in all areas of business or globally.
MISAPPROPRIATION: This is the misappropriation of public funds, particularly by public office holders in ministries.
ETHICAL VALUE: These are the characteristics that ensure a member acts with integrity in all professional, business, and financial connections and strives for objectivity in all professional and business judgements.
ACCOUNTABILITY: This is the actual openness or providing account of what the public official holder has spent.
FAVOURITISM: This is a power-abusing process that implies a highly biassed distribution of state resources.
PROCUREMENT: The purchasing of commodities and/or services at the lowest total cost of ownership, in the appropriate quantity and quality.
TREASURY: This is the accounting for government funds and investments.
BUDGET DISCIPLINE: This entails tight adherence to all budget factors.
CONTRACT: This is a project carried out by individuals or groups, as shown by an agreement between two or more parties.
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