Pipe Borne Water And Other Sources Of Water Within Enugu Metropolis
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Pipe Borne Water And Other Sources Of Water Within Enugu Metropolis
ABSTRACT
Comparative analysis of water was carried out on well water, stream, and pipe born water obviated within Emene locality of Enugu state. The sample were subjected to some analytical tests final like presumptive tests, comfirmative test, completed test, indole test, and plate count for the organisms that develop on the culture. The results show that well water and stream were found to contain pathogenic organisms like salmonella.
Chapter one
INTRODUCTION
According to the doctrine of creation, water is as old as man. Since time immemorial, man has been limited to using this particular commodity for domestic and other needs.
The majority of our water sources come from surface water, which includes rivers, streams, lakes, oceans, and seas. These water bodies are likely to be polluted with home, industrial, and agricultural waste.
As populations grow, the situation gets more serious, and water can risk human health and life when polluted with faeces, becoming a possible carrier of harmful organisms (Carpenter 1977).
Water is, of course, extremely necessary for life, not just human life, but all life, animal and vegetable. The majority of biochemical reactions that occur during metabolism and proliferation of living cells include water, and they all take place in water. (Camp et al, 1974).
Water is used not only for drinking, but also for bathing, washing, laundering, heating, air conditioning, agriculture, cattle rearing, and gardening, industrial processes and cooling, water power and steam power, fire protection, fishing, swimming, and wild life propagation and navigation.
Natural water contains not just natural flora, but also microorganisms from the soil and, maybe, from animals or sewage. Microbial composition varies greatly between surface waters in streams or pools
as well as stored waters in lakes and huge ponds. (Frazier 1978) Water is broadly categorised into three types: surface water, which includes streams, rivers, lakes, seas, and oceans. Kelman et al. (1957).
Many individuals have characterised ground water in various ways. Ground water is subterranean water that forms when all pores in soil or rock are saturated (Pelezer et al. 1992).
The atmospheric water, including rain, descends. All water bodies contain a variety of bacterial and other microorganisms, including Algaes fungus. Some of these microorganisms are native to the natural water, while others are transient and enter the water from the outside world (Pelezar and Reg, 1997).
Pseudomonas, Archacbacter, and vibrio are among the most prevalent bacteria discovered in fresh water. These are gram-negative bacteria; gram-positive bacteria found in water include Micrococcus, Archacbacter, and Actinomycentes.
Gebharal (1975). Tap water, as one of the most commonly utilised water sources in the home, has been reported to be clear at times, necessitating the use of load to ensure mobility. Bonde (1977).
The increase in drinking water from various sources, particularly in Enugu state, necessitated an investigation into water’s microbiological content. Water has the capacity to harbour harmful organisms that endanger human life.
Most drinking water sources are contaminated with various pollutants like as faces, animal and plant wastes, rendering the water unsafe for consumption if not treated. Water contamination caused by pathogenic organisms and other pollutants can only be discovered through a microbiological study.
Most human diseases, including typhoid, paratyphoid cholera, arnboebiasis, trichinosis, gastroenteritis, sanonall shigellosis, diphtheria, giadia, and dracunculus, are waterborne. Ewington et al. (1971).
Waterborne diseases are those that use water as a mode of transmission; these diseases have the potential to devastate a whole population if left unchecked. As a result, the quickest way to avoid the spread of these diseases and determine the portability of such water sources is to test the microbial load or content; if the microbial content is not below acceptable limits, such water sources should be condemned immediately. Fair et al. (1970).
AIMS OBJECTIVE 1. To determine whether wells, streams, or tap water contain pathogens.
II. To educate the people about the dangers of consuming this water without sufficient treatment.
III. Compare the microbial load of the water supply and recommend a safer source of water.
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
These sources of water are contaminated in one manner or another.
(i) Shortfalls in the delivery of treated pipe-borne water cause individuals to turn to alternative sources of water that may be unsafe for human use.
(ii) Tap water can be polluted due to leaks or faulty plumbing.
(iii) Well water is contaminated as a result of runoff into it, particularly in shallow wells.
(iv) Streams can become contaminated due to industrial waste, leaves, dust, and rain runoff.
HYPOTHESIS
1. HO- harmful bacteria are found in water.
2. H1-pathogenic bacteria are not found in water.
3. Hiii- The presence of pathogenic organisms in water might result in water-borne illness.
4. Hilo The level of pathogenic organisms in water cannot produce watt-borne infection.
SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY
1) The study will advise on water that meets the standard quality requirements for any particular function.
2) Also, advise the eswc on the quality of their products. For the future nature adjustment of treatment approaches.
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