Project Materials

PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION ON EFFECTS OF BURANTASHI EXTRACT ON LIVER ENZYMES OF AIBINO MALE AND FEMALE WHISTAR RATS.

ABSTRACT

This study was conducted to look into the effects of Burantashi extract on the liver enzymes of albino male and female whistar rats. Burantashi is a popular flavouring compound for barbecued meat (suya) in Nigeria, especially in the north. Liver Enzymes are enzymes that play a crucial role in the liver’s function and control. Erectile dysfunction (ED) is defined as the constant or recurrent inability of a man to acquire or sustain penile erection sufficient for sexual activity (2nd International Consultation on Sexual Dysfunction). Paris, June 28 – July 1, 2003). Following the discovery and introduction of Burantashi, research on the mechanism underlying penile erection has received a significant boost, with many preclinical and clinical papers published in the last five years on the peripheral regulation of, and mediators involved in human penile erection. The most well acknowledged risk factors for ED are addressed. The study focusses on human data and the safety and efficacy of Burantasni Stem, a phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor (PDE-5) used to treat erectile dysfunction.

Chapter one

INTRODUCTION

PHYSIOLOGY OF ERECTION

Penile erection is the result of a complex interplay of physiological processes involving the central nervous system, peripheral neural system, hormonal, and cardiovascular systems.

Any irregularity affecting these systems, whether caused by medication or disease, has a substantial impact on one’s capacity to build and maintain an erection, ejaculate, and experience orgasm. (Laumann et al. 1999).

The physiological process of erection originates in the brain and involves both the neurological and circulatory systems.

The substances that cause an erection are neurotransmitters found in the brain. Any type of stimulation, physical or psychological, stimulates nerves to send signals to the vascular system, resulting in increased blood flow to the penis.

Two arteries in the penis send blood to erectile tissues and the corpora cavernosa, which engorge and swell in response to increased blood flow and pressure. Because blood must remain in the penis to maintain stiffness.

An erectile tissue is surrounded by tunicae, which are fibrous elastic sheaths that tighten and restrict blood from exiting the penis during erection. When the muscle in the penis contracts to stop the flow of blood and open flow channels, an electron is saved.

HORMONAL INVOLVEMENT IN ERECTION

 Oestrogen and progesterone: Female hormones responsible for clitoral erections. If the body has too much oestrogen or too little testosterone, she can get very moist yet unable to erect her clitoral and G-spot. (Haimen et al. 2002). Oestrogen increases the size of the bread, labia minors (inner lips), and clitoral hood while shrinking the glans clitoris into the clitoral hood, rendering it undetectable.

It also thickens the vaginal lining, rendering the G-spot inaccessible. The mechanism of the clitoral and G-spot erection is identical to that of the penis. It is activated by the parasympathetic sexual nerve (acetylcholine) via the neurotransmitter.

Nitric oxide and the erection dilator cGMP are continuously driven by testosterone burning without a testosterone surge or burning. She can’t get the Clitoris and G-spot out. If she is on birth control pills, her body may be too oestrogenic and deficient in progesterone.

Overloaded liver cannot produce sufficient essential enzymes to synthesise sufficient NO, cGMP, and testosterone to support the clitoral and G-spot erection.

In fact, excessive oestrogen or progesterone in the body will shrink the penis, clitoral, and G-spot, but likely increase the breast size (due to excessive oestrogen action).