Prevalence Of Urinary Schistosomiasis And Its Co-Infection With Salmonella Species Among Pupils
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Prevalence Of Urinary Schistosomiasis And Its Co-Infection With Salmonella Species Among Pupils
ABSTRACT
Urinary schistosomiasis and Salmonella bacteraemia are becoming more prevalent among African children. This study sought to determine the prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis and associated co-infection with Salmonella species among students in Jaba LGA, Kaduna State, Nigeria.
A total of 505 students voluntarily participated in the study.Each learner provided ten (10) millilitres of urine and two millilitres of blood. The urine samples were analysed microscopically for Schistosoma haematobium egg(s), and the count per 10ml of urine was recorded. The packed cell volume was determined.
Blood and urine samples were pre-enriched with Selenite-F broth and Brilliant Green Bile broth, then cultured on Salmonella Shigella Agar and Xylose-Lysine-Desoxycholate.The results were subjected to statistical analysis at P=0.05.
The overall prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis was 12.3%. Salmonella species were absent from all samples, indicating that Schistosoma haematobium and Salmonella spp. were not co-infected. All of the blood cultures showed no bacterial growth, although seven distinct Gram-negative bacteria were identified from urine samples.
Urinary schistosomiasis was most common in the settlements of Bitaro (23.2%), Ankun (22.2%), and Kwoi (20.3%). Urinary schistosomiasis was more common among female students (15.5%) than in male students (9.1%).
Female pupils had a significantly higher mean intensity (4.18±1.202eggs/10ml) than male pupils (1.22±0.500eggs/10ml) (P≤0.05). Pupils aged 4-6 were not infected, but those aged 13-15 had the highest prevalence of 27.9%, with an average intensity of 9.97±3.915 eggs/10ml of urine.
The prevalence of anaemia was 8.1%. Urinary schistosomiasis was found to be linked with painful micturition, red urine, “Fadama” farming, and anaemia (P < 0.05, OR >1).
The study population was not aware of schistosomiasis. According to the findings of this study, female students were more likely to be infected with urinary schistosomiasis in Jaba LGA, Kaduna State, Nigeria.
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