PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS IN MIGRATION FROM ANALOGUE TO DIGITAL BROADCASTING PLATFORM
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PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS IN MIGRATION FROM ANALOGUE TO DIGITAL BROADCASTING PLATFORM
ABSTRACT
This study will attempt to provide a full description of the deregulation of television broadcasting and digitisation of TV signals in Nigeria. Digital television is a new technique for sending and receiving broadcast television signals.
Using an additional 6 Megahertz (MHz) of broadcast spectrum temporarily granted by Congress and the FCC for no less than 9 years, broadcasters will be able to develop a diverse range of new digital television programming and services while continuing to transmit conventional analogue television programming on their existing spectrum allotments, as required by the Telecommunications Act of 1996.
The Diffusion and Technological Determinism Theory established media as a technology capable of transforming any environment, and in terms of communication, media technology can serve as both a channel and a message at the same time, as technological innovations can imbibe development through the diffusion of the message they carry.
The study recommended that there be effective management of the spectrum dividend that will result from the transition in a way that benefits the greatest number of people, as well as appropriate infrastructural digital broadcasting standards that ensure compatibility on both national and international levels.
Chapter One
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
Until recently, all broadcast media used an analogue technology. Analogue television transmits graphics and audio via full waves. The biggest disadvantage is that location plays an important role in blocking and distorting images and audio on television in rural locations.
Digital televisions are becoming more common, with many cable providers urging users to transition to digital television in order to take advantage of new services.
Digital television information is divided into binary chunks, similar to the compact disc. Digital TV transmissions are relatively immune to distance and interference, as well as visual snow and disturbance (Adenyi, 2009).
Kombol (2008, p. 67) describes digital communication as “an advanced form of information transfer in which messages are converted into a series of 1s and 0s (binary digits) and sent over a channel to the receiver.”
Television transmission has improved steadily over the years. It transitioned from black and white to colour transmission.
Television is a technology for sending and receiving images and sounds via electronic signals conveyed through cables and optical fibres or electromagnetic radiation.
These signals are often broadcast from a central source, such as a television station, to reception devices like as household televisions or relay stations used by cable television service providers. (Encarta by Microsoft, 2009)
Digital television is a new technique for sending and receiving broadcast television signals. Using an additional 6 Megahertz (MHz) of broadcast spectrum temporarily granted by Congress and the FCC for no less than 9 years, broadcasters will be able to develop a diverse range of new digital television programming and services while continuing to transmit conventional analogue television programming on their existing spectrum allotments, as required by the Telecommunications Act of 1996.
A digital standard outperforms analogue in terms of accuracy, adaptability, efficiency, and interchange with other electronic media. Digital transmissions also have the advantage of producing no noise or “ghosting,” and are more resistant to signal interference.
Within the signal’s range, this results in a flawless signal. Digital Television (DTV) is a cutting-edge broadcasting technology that has altered your television viewing experience.
DTV has enabled broadcasters to provide television with higher image and sound quality. It also provides a variety of programming options, known as multicasting and interactive capabilities. (Asamah, 2009).
Digital television employs technology that records, transmits, and decodes a signal in digital format—that is, as a series of ones and zeros. This method produces far better image and sound quality than analogue systems.
It also allows for the inclusion of additional characteristics in signals, such as program and consumer information, as well as interactivity. Early digital technology included digital television receivers, which transformed analogue signals into digital code.
The analogue signal was first sampled and saved as a digital code, then processed and finally recovered. New televisions now come complete with ATSC digital tuners that can decode entirely digital signals.
Daramola, (2003), p.98. Nearby moving vehicles, such as cars, trucks, trains, and planes, can interfere with digital TV coverage. In certain cases, shadows or reflections from these vehicles might cause digital images to break up or even disappear entirely.
If this happens, consider shifting or reorienting your antenna to obtain the most stable reception. If you’re currently utilising an indoor antenna, upgrading to an outdoor antenna system that includes a directional antenna or rotor may increase reception.
In extreme cases, it may be impossible to completely eliminate the impact of nearby traffic. If reception continues to be unsatisfactory,
The transition to digital television marks a technological advancement from analogue terrestrial television, which broadcasts land-based (terrestrial) signals.
The goal of digital terrestrial television, like that of digital versus analogue in other platforms such as cable, satellite, and telecoms, is to use less spectrum and have more capacity than analogue, to have a higher-quality picture, and to have lower operating costs for broadcast and transmission after the initial upgrade costs.
A terrestrial implementation of digital television technology sends aerial broadcasts to a conventional antenna (or aerial) rather than a satellite dish or cable connection.
Various types of digital terrestrial television technology are used all over the world. North America and South Korea use the Advanced Television Standards Committee ATSC, which is an evolution of the analogue National Television Standards Committee NTSC standard.
ISDB-T is used in Japan, with variations used in Brazil, Peru, Argentina, Chile, Venezuela, Ecuador, and, most recently, Costa Rica and Paraguay, whereas DVB-T is the most widely used, spanning Europe, Australia, New Zealand, Colombia, Uruguay, and certain African countries.
DMB-T/H is China’s standard (including Hong Kong, however Hong Kong’s cable operators use DVB); the rest of the world is still unsure, with several studying multiple standards. ISDB-T and DVB-T are highly similar, and they can share front-end receiver and demodulator components (Agba, 2001).
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