REMOTE PATIENT MONITORING SYSTEM
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REMOTE PATIENT MONITORING SYSTEM
Chapter One: Introduction
1.1 Background of the Study
Rural and distant communities often lack timely and high-quality specialty medical treatment. Residents in high-population areas often have limited access to quality specialty healthcare due to the concentration of specialist physicians.
There is a shortage of expertise in managing chronic diseases, particularly in cities. Effective disease management, particularly for chronic diseases, can improve health outcomes and quality of life.
Chronic diseases account for over 80% of primary care visits and two-thirds of emergency department admissions. Controlling blood pressure in diabetics and hypertensives can reduce mortality and prevent costly consequences like kidney and cardiovascular disease.
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Technological and scientific advancements are driving changes in healthcare systems. Healthcare practitioners are quickly integrating new technologies into their processes.
Advancements in computing and communication technologies enable remote medical practice for patients and providers alike. Separation can occur locally, nationally, or globally.
Remote patient monitoring is a new technology that allows medical personnel to monitor patients remotely through various equipment. It is largely used to monitor chronic and specific disorders, such as heart disease, diabetes, and hypertension.
These services offer equivalent health outcomes to typical in-patient consultations, improve patient satisfaction, and are cost-effective.
Monitoring patients at home or in clinics without a resident expert using devices like blood pressure monitors and glucose metres and relaying information to carers is a rapidly developing service.
In impoverished countries like South Africa, primary remote diagnostics are used (3).
Consultation [1] not only monitors a chronic disease but also has the potential to diagnose and manage the disease, which patients normally seek from their medical practitioner. Remote patient monitoring is applicable in various fields, including
electrocardiography and radiography.
Medical data can be transferred via many telecommunication technologies, such as telephone lines, ISDN, internet, intranets, satellites, and mobile phones.
This project involves transferring medical records remotely to a doctor via GSM wireless communication link. It uses GSM’s Short Messaging System (SMS).
A nurse collects and stores records in the hospital database using a user-friendly interface in Visual Basic. When certain doctor-set parameters are exceeded, an SMS alert is sent to the doctor, signifying an emergency.
The doctor responds with instructions for the carer to follow until he arrives. During a doctor’s appointment, the patient can access records during their absence to receive accurate diagnoses and medications (4).
The patient is equally stored in the database. New patients’ records are automatically emailed to the doctor.
1.2 Aims of the Project
This project aims to provide healthcare services to isolated communities and remote places, including military sites and ships. The goal is to reduce mortality rates, particularly in poor nations like Nigeria with insufficient knowledge.
The approach aims to dramatically shorten the time it takes for individuals to get healthcare. This system will address the issue of poor healthcare quality.
This system can be used to improve rural health care emergency services by transmitting images to key medical centres for long-distance evaluation by specialists.
It also allows physicians to collaborate on clinical research and share patient records and diagnostic images across geographical boundaries. The initiative aims to transmit medical data for diagnosis and disease management, as well as provide emergency health advice over the phone.
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This system makes remote patient monitoring accessible to those who cannot afford the high cost of complete systems by allowing for manual readings.
1.3 Justification for the work.
Users with no prior computer skills can easily apply the system. The position requires basic English language skills and is user-friendly. Taking medical measurements is a basic technique that anyone may perform with simple instructions.
In Nigeria, where professionals in managing chronic diseases such as diabetes and hypertension are few, this approach provides access to their expertise even in remote places. Doctors were relocated from a Nigerian city due to high kidnapping rates. As a result, people affected received inadequate healthcare services (6).
locality. This method allows doctors to provide healthcare services from a secure place. This initiative will raise awareness about the benefits of remote patient monitoring using mobile phones
which are still underutilised in underdeveloped nations, according to a research by Boston University School of Public Health [2]. The benefits of using a cell phone for healthcare interventions support this work.
Low startup costs: Living in a resource-poor environment does not prevent the usage of wireless systems for cultural and economic reasons. Mobile phones, unlike other communication technologies like the internet, do not significantly contribute to the “digital divide” along socioeconomic lines.
The system was designed to be cost-effective, particularly for individuals living in rural African settlements. It was developed without the need for specific measuring devices.
Mobile phones are user-friendly for those with lower skill levels.
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User-friendly SMS: Pricing policies can improve mobile usage, particularly for SMS texts. Text messaging is a cost-effective alternative to phone calls and can reach individuals who do not have phones turned on. It can be sent and received silently, making it suitable for situations where a discussion is not possible.
Payment methods: In developing nations, a prepayment system is employed, with cards providing phone time ranging from five minutes to an hour.
Customers can use credit as needed over a week, allowing them to regulate their expenditure and enjoy affordable services. Users can still receive SMS and calls after exceeding their pre-paid outbound call budget. The doctor does not need phone credit to get alerts, and the method is cost-effective for sending them.
The high rate of mortality in remote areas due to inadequate monitoring by medical experts, particularly for chronic diseases, highlights the need for a system that is not limited by distance as long as a telecommunication network is available. This technique allows clinicians to spend less time on patient visits (8).
spends more time treating them. This allows for real-time monitoring without incurring significant staffing or capital costs.
1.4 Scope of the Work
This system collects doctor-specified vital health data, such as heart rate, blood pressure, temperature, and plasma glucose levels, and stores it in a hospital database. When a threshold is exceeded, the data is transmitted to the doctor for better disease management.
The technology will track patients with chronic or long-term illnesses, like diabetes and cardiovascular disease, as well as stable victims. It can gather critical information about patients who reside far away from medical professionals. It can notify medical workers of significant changes in the patient’s status.
The system will include a VB.net user interface that allows nurses or carers to enter data and store it in the database. The database will have a medical data manager (MDM) that automatically compares incoming patient data to existing records and doctor comments. If there is a troubling change in the patient’s vital signs, for 9.
If a patient has high blood pressure, an alarm is sent to their physician. This assures a quick reaction from a doctor or medic to any issues that emerge. The database contains all patient information.
The workflow system manages all system activities, while the user interface dynamically formats and displays patient data. SMS alerts are sent using a GSM modem connected to the PC.
1.5 Block Diagram Overview of the Project Stages.
The system consists of five key sub-sections: the user (e.g., caregiver/nurse), the user interface (built in Visual Basic.net), and the entry of patient information by the carer or user.
Database Sub-System: Patient, VDU, Mouse, CPU, and GSM Network.
GSM phones used by doctors and carers
GSM MODEM: Doctor FIG1.1: Block Diagram Overview of the Project 10
The system includes a database for patient records, a database sub-system for storing information, a GSM interface for communicating information to the doctor’s phone, and a final sub-system for sending SMS alerts and directives to carers.
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