role of entrepreneurship education in solving unemployment in Nigeria (a case stud of Ijebu-Ode local government

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title page   –        –        –        –        –        –        –       –        –        –        i

Declaration          –        –        –        –        –        –        –        –        –        ii

Certification        –        –        –        –        –        –       –        –       –        iii

Dedication           –        –        –        –        –        –        –        –        –        iv

Acknowledgement        –        –        –        –        –        –       –        –        v

Table of content            –        –        –        –        –        –       –       –        –        vii

List of tables        –        –        –        –        –        –        –        –        –        x

Abstract     –        –        –        –        –        –        –        –       –        –        xi

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION

1.1. Background to the study   –        –        –        –       –       –        –        1

1.2. Statement of problem   –    –        –        –        –       –       –        –        3

1.3. Objectives of the study      –        –        –        –        –       –        –        4

1.4. Research questions  –        –        –        –        –         –       –        –        5

1.5. Significance of the study   –        –        –        –        –       –        –        5

1.6. Scope of the study   –        –        –        –        –        –        –        –        6

1.7. Operational definition of terms    –        –        –        –         –       –        7

1.8 Organization of the Study   –        –        –        –        –        –        –        7

CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1.   Introduction          –        –        –        –        –        –        –        –        9

2.2.   Conceptual Literature                –        –        –        –        —                 9

2.2.1. Entrepreneurship–        –        –        –        –        –        –        –        9

2.2.2. The Concept of Entrepreneurship Education-                 –        –        –        10

2.2.3. Unemployment     –        –        –        –        –        –        –        –        12

2. 2.4. Challenges of Entrepreneurship Education in Nigeria – –        13

2.3.    Reviews of Empirical Studies  –        –        –        –        –        –        14

2.4.   Theoretical Review         –        –        –        –        –        –        –        –        19

2.4.1. Schumpeter’s Theory     –        –        –        –        –        –        –        19

2.4.2. Druker’s Creative Imitation Theory   –        –        –        –        –        20

2.4.3. The economic survival theory            –        –        –        –        –        21

2.4.4. Kirzner’s theory of “entrepreneurship alertness”    –        –        –        21

2.4.5. Human Capital Theory (HCT) –        –        –        –        –        –        22

2.4.6. Need for Achievement Theory           –        –        –        –        –        22

2.4.7. Risk Taking Theory                 –        –        –        –        –        –        23

2.4.8. The Refugee Effect theory        –        –        –        –        –        –        23

2.5. Theoretical Framework               –        –        –        –        –        –        24

CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1.   Introduction –        –        –        –        –        –        –        –        –        25

3.2.   Research Design –  –        –        –        –        –        –        –        –        25

3.3.   Population of the Study  –        –        –        –        –        –        –        26

3.4.   Sampling Size       –        –        –        –        –        –        –        –        26

3.5.   Sampling Technique       –        –        –        –        –        –        –        27

3.6.   Instrument for Data Collection  –        –        –        –        –        –        27

3.7.   Method of Data Collection        –        –        –        –        –        –        28

3.8.   Validity/Reliability of Instrument        –        –        –        –        –        29

3.8.1. Reliability test       –        –        –        –        –        –        –        –        29

3.9.    Method of Data Analysis         –        –        –        –        –        –        –        31

CHAPTER FOUR: DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS

4.1.   Introduction –        –        –        –        –        –        –        –        –        32

4.2.   Data Presentation/Analysis        –        –        –        –        –        –        32

4.3.   Discussion of Findings    –        –        –        –        –        –        –        41

CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

5.1.   Introduction –        –        –        –        –        –        –        –        –        44

5.2.   Summary     –        –        –        –        –        –        –        –        –        44

5.3.   Conclusion  –        –        –        –        –        –        –        –        –        45

5.4.   Recommendations –        –        –        –        –        –        –        –        46

5.5.   Limitations to the Study            –        –        –        –        –        –        47

5.6.   Suggestions for Further Studies          –        –        –        –        –        47

REFERENCES   –        –        –        –        –        –        –        –        –        48

APPENDIX         –       –        –        –        –        –        –        –        –        54

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1 Sex of Respondents     –        –        –        –        –        –        –        32

Table 2 Category of Respondents       –        –        –        –                  –        33

Table 3 Age distribution of Respondents     –        –        –        –        –        33

Table 4 Marital status of respondents           –        –        –        –        –        34

Table 5 Education Attainment of Respondents      –        –        –        –        34

Table 6: Respondents views on whether they are satisfied with citizens’

participation in entrepreneurial business in Nigeria      –        –        35

Table 7: Respondents views on chance of success of entrepreneurship business

in Nigeria          –        –        –        –        –        –        –        –        –        33

Table 8: Respondents views on whether Citizens of Nigeria are adequately

motivated to participate in entrepreneurship activities  –        –        37

Table 9: Respondents views on skills can Nigerians undertake to reduce

unemployment rate    –        –        –        –        –        –        –        37

Table 10: Respondents views on whether there are challenges mitigating against

entrepreneurship development in Nigeria                   –        –        –        38

Table 11: Respondents views on challenges faced by Nigerians to undertake

entrepreneurship method    –        –        –        –        –        –        39

Table 12: Respondents views on benefits of entrepreneurship education

to Nigerians    –        –        –        –        –        –        –        –        40

ABSTRACT

This research work empirically explored the role of entrepreneurship education in solving unemployment in Nigeria. The purpose of which is to investigate the importance of entrepreneurship on Nigerian economy as well proffer solution to the problems of unemployment. The objectives of this study were to identify entrepreneurship skills that can reduce unemployment rate in Nigeria, examine the benefit of entrepreneurship in solving unemployment problem of Nigeria The scope of the study is Ijebu-Ode local government area, the Need for Achievement Theory was used as a framework. The research design used for this study is survey, the population targeted for this study consists of all resisdents of Ijebu-Ode local government area, a total of 399 individuals was used as sample size and cluster sampling technique was applied. Instrument used for this study is the questionnaire. Data collected were collected from primary sources. From the analysis of the data, the findings shows that entrepreneurship skills such as poultry farming, fashion designing can reduce unemployment rate in Nigeria, self-employment, job opportunity, inspired creativity are some of the benefit of entrepreneurship in solving unemployment problem of Nigeria. Following the findings, it was recommended that entrepreneurship skills such as poultry farming, fashion designing should be encouraged in Nigeria, self-employment, job opportunity, inspired creativity are some of the benefit of entrepreneurship in solving unemployment problem of Nigeria therefore policy makers should devise more means of ensuring entrepreneurship such as provision of funds.The study concludes that in improving the economy and reducing unemployment, entrepreneurship skills should be encouraged.

Keyword: entrepreneurship, entrepreneurship education, Nigeria, unemployment.

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1. Background to the Study

The importance of education in the development of any economy cannot be overemphasized. Education is the panacea for socio-economic development of any country. Government of every nation tries to ensure that their educational sector is developed. Education is one of the most important aspect of human life especially in this modern era.  In Nigeria today, education and learning is beginning to take a new dimension as many people are embracing it.

Government of Nigeria have tried in various ways to improve the quality of education in the country by introducing various policies such as the Nigeria “National Policy on Education” published in 1997, revised in 1981 and 1990.

The policy had been revised to ensure that the educational sector is supportive of government development goals. Recent initiatives have also been taken by the government in the funding of education.

The FGN/ODA Nigeria Community Education Programmes introduced in 1996. One of the objective of this initiatives are to restructure educational funding arrangement. Alternative sources of funding education have been explored. In 1995 the government established the Education Tax Fund.

Another notable change has been the effort to update the curriculum, a committee for the improvement of the curriculum was also established. The overall responsibility of the Federal Ministry of Education is to ensure quality within the system, to encourage and initiate innovations and to ensure the schools maintain minimum standards of acceptable educational practice.

Unemployment has been one of the major problem facing Nigeria till date, policy makers have tried several measures to solve this problem. Population of Nigeria have increased over the years, this rise cannot be compared to the number of job placement as school leavers and graduate increases also.

Government of Nigeria have tried several measures to alleviate this problem of rising unemployment, poverty and crime ravaging the country especially among young school leavers. Different government of several regimes have implement various policies to curb this problem such as Operation Feed the Nation (OFN), Green Revolution Programme (GRP),

National Economic Empowerment and Development Strategy (NEEDS), Transformation Agenda, Vision 20:2020 etc. with all these implementation the problem of unemployment still persist. Thus the government introduced entrepreneurship education as a compulsory course in the nation’s education curriculum. Inclusion of entrepreneurship education into curricula of tertiary institution in Nigeria dates back as 2006 (Yahya, 2011; Gabadeen and Raimi, 2012).

Entrepreneurship has been described as the capacity and willingness to develop, organise and manage a business venture along with any of its risks to make a profit. Entrepreneurship education seeks to provide students with the knowledge, skills and motivation to encourage entrepreneurial success in a variety of settings.

Variation of entrepreneurship education are offered at all levels of schooling from primary, secondary through tertiary institution. Entrepreneurship education has continued to gain attention in summits and international conferences because of its potency as a tool for mitigating unemployment.

The Nigerian national policy on education (2012) stated tertiary education should aim to develop and inculcate proper values for the survival of the individual, develop the intellectual capability of the individual to understand and appreciate their local and external environment and acquire both physical and intellectual skills which will enable individual to be self-reliant.

The national education research & development council boss Obioma said the nation’s curriculum was reviewed to offer pupils and students a well-rounded education in terms of knowledge, skills, techniques and values needed to produce self-reliant individuals who can compete favourably in the world (Adesulu, 2012).

Entrepreneurship is not a new phenomenon among the inhabitants of Nigeria, it has been in existence over the years passed on from generation to generation in every part of the country. However, it is obvious in Nigeria that unemployment, poverty and crime rate continues to rise.

1.2. Statement of the Research Problem

Every country endeavours to provide employment for its citizen and attaining self-sufficiency. Nigeria face diverse economic and political problems among which is unemployment. Though unemployment is a global phenomenon, unemployment in Nigeria is exceptional. Unemployment have come to characterise Nigeria labour market. In spite of federal government effort to create 2 million job every year, most Nigerian university graduate fail to get employed (Babalola, 2007).

Entrepreneurship is capable of generating employment thus impacting positively on the economy of a nation and the quality of life of the people (Adejumo, 2000). Studies have established its positive relationship with simulation of economic growth; employment generation and empowerment of the disadvantaged segment of the population, which include women and the poor (Oluremi and Gbenga, 2011; Mueller and Thomas, 2000; Reynolds, 1987).

It is against this background that the researcher considered the study of role of entrepreneurship education in solving unemployment in Nigeria: a case study of Ijebu-Ode local government.

1.3. Objectives of the study

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of entrepreneurship education in solving unemployment in Nigeria: a case study of Ijebu-Ode local government. The specific objectives are to:

1. identify entrepreneurship skills that can reduce unemployment rate in Nigeria.
2. examine the benefit of entrepreneurship in solving unemployment problem of Nigeria.

1.4. Research Questions

This study will be guided by the following research questions:

1. What are the entrepreneurship skills that can reduce unemployment rate in Nigeria?
2. What are the benefit of entrepreneurship in solving unemployment problem of Nigeria?

1.5. Significance of the Study

The critical nature of entrepreneurship to the success or growth of any economy is given, this is because it is a means to solving the problem of unemployment in Nigeria thereby improving the economy and state of its inhabitant. Empirically, this study is carried out to investigate the role of entrepreneurship education in solving unemployment in Nigeria so as to ameliorate the problems associated with the employment system of the country.

This study will be important to the labour market of the nation, as it will help guide the boards in charge of the labour market and teach it on how it can operate and how it should operate.  It will teach it the importance of entrepreneurship to the country.

This study will be of utmost importance to investors, government and the researchers because it will provide policy recommendations to the various Nigeria stakeholders taking adequate measures in the labour market.

It is hoped that the exploration of employment system will provide a broad view of its operations to the government. It will contribute to existing literature on the subject matter by investigating empirically the role of entrepreneurship in economic growth. This study will be of benefit to;

The Academia: members of the academia will find the study relevant as it will also form basis for further research and a reference tool for academic works.

Government: this study will reveal to the government happenings in the employment sector. Formulation and implementation of policies based on this findings would ensure development in the sector.

Investors: this study shall also be valuable to the investors especially those who may have research interest as it shall guide their private investment decisions.

This study at the end will enlighten the board of educational sector on the implication of English language.

1.6. Scope of the Study

This study is intended to investigate the role of entrepreneurship education in solving unemployment in Nigeria, using Ijebu-Ode local government.

1.7. Operational Definition of Terms

The following terms have been defined operationally.

• Entrepreneurship: is the process of discovering new ways of combining resources. It’s the capacity and willingness to develop, organise and manage a business venture along with any of its risks to make a profit.
• Entrepreneurship education: is a collection of formalized teachings that informs, trains and educates anyone interested in participating in socioeconomic development through a project to promote entrepreneurship awareness, business creation or small business development.
• Unemployment: a situation where individuals who are employable and seeking a job cannot find a job.

1.8 Organization of the Study

This study is divided into five chapters. Chapter one is introduction which consists of the background to the study, statement of problem, research questions, research  hypotheses,  objectives  of  the study, the  significance  of  the  study,   the scope  and  limitations  of  the  study  and  finally the  organization of the study.

Chapter two deals with the literature review which consists of the conceptual literature, theoretical literature, empirical literature, theoretical framework. Chapter three gives the research methodology including research design, population of study, sample size, sampling technique, method of data collection, instrument of data analysis, method of data analysis, validity/reliability of instrument.

Chapter four is presentation and analysis of data, discussion of findings. Chapter five gives the summary, conclusion and recommendations.

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